Autoantibodies against gAChR in humans and mouse models of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy

Q4 Immunology and Microbiology Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI:10.1111/cen3.12777

Shunya Nakane, Makoto Yamakawa, Yuji Nakatsuji

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Abstract

The ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR) mediates fast synaptic transmission in all peripheral autonomic ganglia (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric). Over the last two decades, evidence has accumulated for a role of autoantibodies against gAChR in the development of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG). In this review we provide an updated overview of the field, with a highlight on the role of autoimmunity against gAChR in the pathogenesis of AAG. Clinical data as well as findings from experimental disease models are summarized in sections focusing on the presence of autoantibodies against gAChR in patients with AAG, the function of gAChR antibodies, the association of antibodies against gAChR with AAG-related phenotypes, the in vivo pathogenicity of transferred autoantibodies against gAChR in mice, and mouse models of the disease induced by immunization with the nicotinic AChR. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the currently available data, we propose a hypothetical model for the role of autoantibodies against gAChR in the pathogenesis of AAG.

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人类和自身免疫性自主神经节病小鼠模型中的 gAChR 自身抗体

神经节烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（gAChR）介导所有外周自主神经节（交感神经、副交感神经和肠神经节）的快速突触传递。过去二十年来，针对 gAChR 的自身抗体在自身免疫性自律神经节病（AAG）的发病过程中发挥作用的证据不断积累。在这篇综述中，我们提供了该领域的最新概况，重点介绍了针对 gAChR 的自身免疫在 AAG 发病机制中的作用。本综述总结了临床数据和实验性疾病模型的研究结果，重点关注 AAG 患者体内 gAChR 自身抗体的存在、gAChR 抗体的功能、gAChR 抗体与 AAG 相关表型的关联、小鼠体内转移的 gAChR 自身抗体的体内致病性，以及用烟碱 AChR 免疫诱导的小鼠疾病模型。在全面评估现有数据的基础上，我们提出了针对 gAChR 的自身抗体在 AAG 发病机制中作用的假设模型。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology Immunology and Microbiology-Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous)

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1.60

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