A 9-year retrospective cohort study of the monitoring and screening of childhood developmental delay in Thailand

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Child Care Health and Development Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI:10.1111/cch.13233

Vallop Thaineua, Samai Sirithongthaworn, Siripon Kanshana, Sirikul Isaranurak, Opart Karnkawinpong, Amporn Benjaponpitak, Suwanchai Wattanayingcharoen, Ekachai Piensrivachara, Pimwarat Srikummoon, Salinee Thumronglaohapun, Nawapon Nakharutai, Patrinee Traisathit, Duangkamol Tangviriyapaiboon

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Abstract

Background

Developmental delay in early childhood can have negative long-term cognitive and psychiatric sequelae, along with poor academic achievement, so early screening and surveillance are paramount. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of screening and surveillance on child developmental delay using the Developmental Surveillance and Promotion Manual (DSPM) and the Thai Early Developmental Assessment for Intervention (TEDA4I) for Thai children aged 0–5 years old.

Methods

Data were obtained from the routine developmental screening for specific disorders at ages 9, 18, 30, 42 and 60 months conducted using DSPM and TEDA4I from 2013 to 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, and the results are visualised graphically herein.

Results

Only 56% of the children were screened for child developmental delay using DSPM. The proportion of children screened increased from <1% in 2013 to 90% in 2021. Suspected developmental delay prevalence increased significantly from 3.91% in 2013–2015 to 10.00% in 2016–2018 and 26.48% in 2019–2021. Moreover, of the children with suspected developmental delay who received developmental stimulation within a month, only 87.9% returned for follow-up visits when they were evaluated again using TEDA4I to ascertain any abnormalities and specific areas of deficit. The overall proportion of children diagnosed with developmental delay was 1.29%. During the pandemic, the proportion of screening tests for child developmental delay at routine vaccination visits and follow-ups decreased but was still at least 80% in each region.

Conclusions

Since 1%–3% of children have suspected developmental delay, early detection is key to treating it as soon as possible. We anticipate that our findings will raise awareness in parents and caregivers about childhood developmental delay and lead to the implementation of early intervention and follow-up at the rural level in Thailand.

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泰国儿童发育迟缓监测和筛查的九年回顾性队列研究

背景儿童早期发育迟缓会对认知和精神造成长期的负面影响，同时还会导致学习成绩低下，因此早期筛查和监测至关重要。本研究的目的是使用《发育监测和促进手册》（DSPM）和《泰国早期发育干预评估》（TEDA4I）评估筛查和监测对 0-5 岁泰国儿童发育迟缓的影响。方法数据来自 2013 年至 2021 年使用《发育监测与促进手册》和 TEDA4I 对 9、18、30、42 和 60 个月大的儿童进行的特定疾病常规发育筛查。数据采用描述性统计方法进行分析，结果以图表形式呈现。结果只有 56% 的儿童通过 DSPM 筛查出儿童发育迟缓。接受筛查的儿童比例从 2013 年的 1%增至 2021 年的 90%。疑似发育迟缓患病率从 2013-2015 年的 3.91% 显著增至 2016-2018 年的 10.00% 和 2019-2021 年的 26.48%。此外，在一个月内接受发育刺激的疑似发育迟缓儿童中，只有87.9%的儿童在使用TEDA4I再次评估以确定是否存在异常和具体的缺陷领域时进行了回访。被诊断为发育迟缓的儿童总比例为 1.29%。大流行期间，在常规疫苗接种访问和随访中进行儿童发育迟缓筛查的比例有所下降，但在每个地区仍至少达到 80%。结论由于有 1%-3%的儿童疑似发育迟缓，因此早期发现是尽快治疗的关键。我们希望我们的研究结果能提高家长和看护人员对儿童发育迟缓的认识，从而在泰国农村地区实施早期干预和随访。

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来源期刊

Child Care Health and Development 医学-小儿科

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.30%

发文量

136

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Child: care, health and development is an international, peer-reviewed journal which publishes papers dealing with all aspects of the health and development of children and young people. We aim to attract quantitative and qualitative research papers relevant to people from all disciplines working in child health. We welcome studies which examine the effects of social and environmental factors on health and development as well as those dealing with clinical issues, the organization of services and health policy. We particularly encourage the submission of studies related to those who are disadvantaged by physical, developmental, emotional and social problems. The journal also aims to collate important research findings and to provide a forum for discussion of global child health issues.