{"title":"The effect of wildfires on air quality in Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"Sajesh Kuikel , Binod Pokharel , Nawraj Bhattarai","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100493","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution spikes in the central Himalayas' southern regions, including Nepal and northern India, occur mainly from wildfires during March to May. Despite being a significant contributor to pre-monsoon pollution, wildfire smoke remains under-researched. This study used multiple datasets and trajectory analysis to examine hazardous air pollution levels in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley from 2018-2022. It found 47 days exceeding the daily PM2.5 limit of 100 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, peaking at 305 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. The pollution was largely due to wildfire smoke from neighboring and transboundary areas, with a strong correlation between active fire counts and pollution levels. The correlation peaked at 0.89 (p<0.05) when lagged by two days during high fire years, like 2021, highlighting the valley's vulnerability due to its bowl-shaped structure. Our findings can inform legislation to mitigate wildfire-induced air pollution, which impacts both public health and the economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765724000115/pdfft?md5=4ed5e96fa540a1a7d3bfec3e925a4ac8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666765724000115-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Advances","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765724000115","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Environmental Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Air pollution spikes in the central Himalayas' southern regions, including Nepal and northern India, occur mainly from wildfires during March to May. Despite being a significant contributor to pre-monsoon pollution, wildfire smoke remains under-researched. This study used multiple datasets and trajectory analysis to examine hazardous air pollution levels in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley from 2018-2022. It found 47 days exceeding the daily PM2.5 limit of 100 μg/m3, peaking at 305 μg/m3. The pollution was largely due to wildfire smoke from neighboring and transboundary areas, with a strong correlation between active fire counts and pollution levels. The correlation peaked at 0.89 (p<0.05) when lagged by two days during high fire years, like 2021, highlighting the valley's vulnerability due to its bowl-shaped structure. Our findings can inform legislation to mitigate wildfire-induced air pollution, which impacts both public health and the economy.