Examining a Healthy Lifestyle as a Moderator of the Relationship between Psychological Distress and Cognitive Decline among Older Adults in the NuAge Study.
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Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine whether a healthy lifestyle composite score of social engagement, physical activity, and Mediterranean diet adherence moderates the association between psychological distress and global cognitive decline among cognitively healthy older adults (67+ years of age at baseline).
Methods: A total of 1,272 cognitively intact older adults (Mage = 74.1 ± 4.1 years, 51.9% female) in the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge) completed a series of self-reported questionnaires to measure psychological distress and lifestyle behaviors, and the Modified Mini-Mental Examination (3MS) to assess cognitive performance at baseline and annually over 3 years.
Results: Controlling for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, greater psychological distress was associated with steeper cognitive decline over time among males (B = -0.07, 95% CI: [-0.12, -0.02]), but not females (B = 0.008, 95% CI: [0.03, 0.04]). Although a healthy lifestyle composite score did not statistically significantly moderate the distress-cognition relationship (B = -0.005, 95% CI: [-0.02, 0.01]), there was an association between higher psychological distress and greater cognitive decline at low levels of social engagement (B = -0.05, 95% CI: [-0.09, -0.006]), but not at high levels of social engagement (B = 0.02, 95% CI: [-0.03, 0.07]).
Conclusion: This study suggests that the potentially harmful impact of stress on cognitive function may be malleable through specific healthy lifestyle behaviors and emphasizes the importance of taking a sex-based approach to cognitive aging research.
简介本研究旨在探讨健康生活方式综合评分（包括社会参与、体育锻炼和地中海饮食）是否能调节认知健康的老年人（基线年龄为 67 岁以上）的心理压力与整体认知能力下降之间的关系：在魁北克营养与成功老龄化纵向研究（NuAge）中，共有1272名认知能力健全的老年人（年龄=74.1±4.1岁，51.9%为女性）完成了一系列自我报告问卷，以测量心理困扰和生活方式行为，并完成了改良版迷你智力测验（3MS），以评估基线时和3年内每年的认知表现：在控制了社会人口学特征和健康相关特征后，男性（B = -0.07，95% CI [-0.12, -0.02]）和女性（B = 0.008，95% CI [-0.03, 0.04]）的心理压力越大，认知能力下降越快。虽然健康生活方式的综合得分在统计学上并未显著缓和心理困扰与认知之间的关系（B = -0.005，95% CI [-0.02，0.01]），但在社会参与度较低时，较高的心理困扰与较严重的认知能力下降之间存在关联（B = -0.05，95% CI [-0.09，-0.006]），而在社会参与度较高时则不存在关联（B = 0.02，95% CI [-0.03，0.07]）：这项研究表明，压力对认知功能的潜在有害影响可以通过特定的健康生活方式行为加以改变，并强调了在认知老化研究中采取基于性别的方法的重要性。
期刊介绍：
In view of the ever-increasing fraction of elderly people, understanding the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases has become a matter of urgent necessity. ''Gerontology'', the oldest journal in the field, responds to this need by drawing topical contributions from multiple disciplines to support the fundamental goals of extending active life and enhancing its quality. The range of papers is classified into four sections. In the Clinical Section, the aetiology, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of agerelated diseases are discussed from a gerontological rather than a geriatric viewpoint. The Experimental Section contains up-to-date contributions from basic gerontological research. Papers dealing with behavioural development and related topics are placed in the Behavioural Science Section. Basic aspects of regeneration in different experimental biological systems as well as in the context of medical applications are dealt with in a special section that also contains information on technological advances for the elderly. Providing a primary source of high-quality papers covering all aspects of aging in humans and animals, ''Gerontology'' serves as an ideal information tool for all readers interested in the topic of aging from a broad perspective.
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