Isolation of the differential effects of chronic and acute stress in a manner that is not confounded by stress severity

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Neurobiology of Stress Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI:10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100616

Michael A. Conoscenti , Daniel B. Weatherill , Yuqing Huang , Raphael Tordjman , Michael S. Fanselow

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Abstract

Firm conclusions regarding the differential effects of the maladaptive consequences of acute versus chronic stress on the etiology and symptomatology of stress disorders await a model that isolates chronicity as a variable for studying the differential effects of acute versus chronic stress. This is because most previous studies have confounded chronicity with the total amount of stress. Here, we have modified the stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) protocol, which models some aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following an acute stressor, to create a chronic variant that does not have this confound. Comparing results from this new protocol to the acute protocol, we found that chronic stress further potentiates enhanced fear-learning beyond the nonassociative enhancement induced by acute stress. This additional component is not observed when the unconditional stimulus (US) used during subsequent fear learning is distinct from the US used as the stressor, and is enhanced when glucose is administered following stressor exposure, suggesting that it is associative in nature. Furthermore, extinction of stressor-context fear blocks this additional associative component of SEFL as well as reinstatement of generalized fear, suggesting reinstatement of generalized fear may underlie this additional SEFL component.

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以不受压力严重程度影响的方式隔离慢性和急性压力的不同影响

关于急性和慢性压力对应激障碍的病因学和症状学所产生的不良后果的不同影响，还有待于建立一个模型，将慢性化作为研究急性和慢性压力的不同影响的一个变量。这是因为之前的大多数研究都将慢性应激与应激总量混为一谈。在这里，我们修改了应激增强恐惧学习（SEFL）方案（该方案模拟了急性应激后创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的某些方面），创建了一个没有这种混淆的慢性变体。将这种新方案的结果与急性方案的结果进行比较后，我们发现，慢性应激进一步增强了恐惧学习能力，超出了急性应激引起的非联想增强。如果在随后的恐惧学习过程中使用的无条件刺激（US）与作为应激源的US不同，就不会观察到这种额外的成分，而如果在暴露于应激源后给予葡萄糖，这种额外的成分就会增强，这表明它在本质上是联想性的。此外，应激源-情境恐惧的消退会阻止 SEFL 的这种额外联想成分以及泛化恐惧的恢复，这表明泛化恐惧的恢复可能是 SEFL 这种额外成分的基础。

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来源期刊

Neurobiology of Stress Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

48 days

期刊介绍： Neurobiology of Stress is a multidisciplinary journal for the publication of original research and review articles on basic, translational and clinical research into stress and related disorders. It will focus on the impact of stress on the brain from cellular to behavioral functions and stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders (such as depression, trauma and anxiety). The translation of basic research findings into real-world applications will be a key aim of the journal. Basic, translational and clinical research on the following topics as they relate to stress will be covered: Molecular substrates and cell signaling, Genetics and epigenetics, Stress circuitry, Structural and physiological plasticity, Developmental Aspects, Laboratory models of stress, Neuroinflammation and pathology, Memory and Cognition, Motivational Processes, Fear and Anxiety, Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders (including depression, PTSD, substance abuse), Neuropsychopharmacology.