In situ remediation techniques for removal of arsenic in the environment

Abstract

Arsenic (As) contamination has been extensively recognised as one of the serious pollutants in the environment, which is caused mainly by anthropogenic activities. Numerous organisations, comprising of industries, environmental entities, and the general public, are now concentrating on As toxicity and remediation. It is beyond dispute that treating As pollution is important for lowering biodiversity, human health, and the ecology in which they inhabit. This paper extensively discusses the in situ remediation methods of As toxicity in the environment and the accompanying clean-up methods. This review divides the in situ remediation methods, which are used to treat As-contaminated soils viz., extraction, immobilisation, transformation, and degradation, and this categorization is based upon the remediation goals. The adaptability of various remediation technologies varies, and other novel forms of functional materials are more promising substitutes for removal of arsenic.