On the Averaging and Closure of Fiber Orientation Tensors in Virtual Process Chains

IF 1.8 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI:10.1007/s10659-024-10050-3
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Abstract

Fiber orientation tensors (FOT) are widely used to approximate statistical orientation distributions of fibers within fiber-reinforced polymers. The design process of components made of such fiber-reinforced composites is usually accompanied by a virtual process chain. In this virtual process chain, process-induced FOT are computed in a flow simulation and transferred to the structural simulation. Within the structural simulation, effective macroscopic properties are identified based on the averaged information contained in the FOT. Solving the field equations in flow simulations as well as homogenization of effective stiffnesses necessitates the application of a closure scheme, computing higher-order statistical moments based on assumptions. Additionally, non-congruent spatial discretizations require an intermediate mapping operation. This mapping operation is required, if the discretization, i.e., mesh, of the flow simulation differs from the discretization of the structural simulation. The main objective of this work is to give an answer to the question: Does the sequence of closure and mapping influence the achieved results? It will turn out, that the order influences the result, raising the consecutive question: Which order is beneficial? Both questions are addressed by deriving a quantification of the closure-related uncertainty. The two possible sequences, mapping followed by closure and closure followed by mapping, yield strongly different results, with the magnitude of the deviation even exceeding the magnitude of a reference result. Graphical consideration reveals that for both transversely isotropic and planar FOT-input, invalid results occur if the mapping takes place prior to closure. This issue is retrieved by orientation averaging stiffness tensors. As a by-product, we explicitly define for the first time the admissible parameter space of orthotropic fourth-order fiber orientation tensors and define a distance measure in this parameter space.

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论虚拟过程链中纤维方向张量的平均与闭合
摘要 纤维取向张量(FOT)被广泛用于近似纤维增强聚合物中纤维的统计取向分布。由此类纤维增强复合材料制成的部件的设计过程通常伴随着一个虚拟工艺链。在虚拟工艺链中,工艺引起的 FOT 在流动模拟中计算,并转移到结构模拟中。在结构模拟中,根据 FOT 中包含的平均信息确定有效的宏观属性。要解决流动模拟中的场方程以及有效刚度的均质化问题,就必须采用闭合方案,根据假设计算高阶统计矩。此外,不一致的空间离散需要进行中间映射操作。如果流动模拟的离散化(即网格)与结构模拟的离散化不同,就需要进行这种映射操作。这项工作的主要目的是回答以下问题:封闭和映射的顺序是否会影响所取得的结果?结果表明,顺序会影响结果,这就提出了一个连续的问题:哪种顺序更有利?这两个问题都可以通过对与闭合相关的不确定性进行量化来解决。先映射后闭合和先闭合后映射这两种可能的顺序会产生截然不同的结果,偏差的幅度甚至会超过参考结果的幅度。图形分析表明,对于横向各向同性和平面 FOT 输入,如果在闭合之前进行映射,则结果无效。这个问题可以通过取向平均刚度张量来解决。作为副产品,我们首次明确定义了正交四阶纤维取向张量的可容许参数空间,并定义了该参数空间中的距离度量。
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来源期刊
Journal of Elasticity
Journal of Elasticity 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
15.00%
发文量
74
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Elasticity was founded in 1971 by Marvin Stippes (1922-1979), with its main purpose being to report original and significant discoveries in elasticity. The Journal has broadened in scope over the years to include original contributions in the physical and mathematical science of solids. The areas of rational mechanics, mechanics of materials, including theories of soft materials, biomechanics, and engineering sciences that contribute to fundamental advancements in understanding and predicting the complex behavior of solids are particularly welcomed. The role of elasticity in all such behavior is well recognized and reporting significant discoveries in elasticity remains important to the Journal, as is its relation to thermal and mass transport, electromagnetism, and chemical reactions. Fundamental research that applies the concepts of physics and elements of applied mathematical science is of particular interest. Original research contributions will appear as either full research papers or research notes. Well-documented historical essays and reviews also are welcomed. Materials that will prove effective in teaching will appear as classroom notes. Computational and/or experimental investigations that emphasize relationships to the modeling of the novel physical behavior of solids at all scales are of interest. Guidance principles for content are to be found in the current interests of the Editorial Board.
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