Exploring benthic habitat assessments on coral reefs: a comparison of direct field measurements versus remote sensing

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI:10.1007/s00338-024-02468-x

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Abstract

Coral reefs are spatially variable ecosystems that form biogenic structures ranging in size from 10 to 1000s of meters. Their changes in response to anthropogenic stress are occurring across increasingly broad scales, yet our ability to detect, understand and respond to these changes at relevant scales is limited. Traditional in-water observation-based coral reef ecology and remote sensing-based methods both offer valuable insights into benthic change, but their relative scalability and use to-date must be understood to inform optimal future research approaches. We conducted a systematic literature review comparing the approaches used to quantify benthic habitat, through traditional in-water ecological studies and remote sensing studies, with respect to: (a) their geographic distribution, (b) reef zone selection, and c) their focal questions. Among the 199 studies reviewed, traditional ecological studies primarily concentrated on community composition (89%), using high-detail direct measurements, especially from the reef slope (80%). By contrast, remote sensing studies provided spatially explicit datasets at coarser spatial and thematic resolutions, with a predominant focus on benthic mapping (72%) across entire reef systems. Only 3% of studies integrated both approaches, combining comprehensive in-situ observations with broadscale remote sensing. As anthropogenic stressors continue to increase in scale, bridging these scientific disciplines offers a promising way to upscale observations to entire reef-scape scales. We identify steps to harness the strengths of both fields and integrate multiple tools at various levels of resolution and scale. Such bridging approaches offer a way forward in understanding and managing coral reef functioning in the Anthropocene.

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探索珊瑚礁底栖生物栖息地评估：直接实地测量与遥感的比较

摘要珊瑚礁是空间多变的生态系统，形成的生物结构大小从 10 米到 1000 米不等。珊瑚礁因人为压力而发生的变化范围越来越广，但我们在相关尺度上探测、了解和应对这些变化的能力却很有限。传统的基于水中观测的珊瑚礁生态学方法和基于遥感的方法都能为了解底栖生物的变化提供有价值的见解，但必须了解它们的相对可扩展性和迄今为止的使用情况，以便为未来的最佳研究方法提供依据。我们进行了一次系统的文献综述，比较了通过传统的水中生态研究和遥感研究量化底栖生物栖息地的方法：(a) 地理分布；(b) 礁区选择；(c) 重点问题。在所审查的 199 项研究中，传统生态研究主要集中于群落组成（89%），使用高精细直接测量，特别是来自珊瑚礁斜坡的测量（80%）。相比之下，遥感研究提供了空间分辨率和专题分辨率更高的空间数据集，主要侧重于整个珊瑚礁系统的底栖生物绘图（72%）。只有 3% 的研究综合了这两种方法，将全面的现场观测与大范围遥感相结合。随着人为压力因素的规模不断扩大，连接这些科学学科为将观测范围扩大到整个珊瑚礁景观尺度提供了一种很有前景的方法。我们确定了利用这两个领域优势的步骤，并整合了不同分辨率和规模的多种工具。这种连接方法为理解和管理人类世的珊瑚礁功能提供了一条前进的道路。

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