Repeated artificial defoliation soon after full leaf expansion, simulating insect damage, reduces xylem hydraulic transport safety in Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume)

IF 2.1 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Trees Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI:10.1007/s00468-023-02475-5

Masafumi Ueda, Kenta Izumi, Saya Ueo

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Key message

Repeated defoliation soon after full leaf expansion reduces xylem hydraulic transport safety in beech trees.

Abstract

Japanese beech trees undergo branch dieback and eventual mortality following years of repeated leaf loss due to leaf-feeding insects attacking immediately after full leaf expansion. To study the impact of recurrent defoliation on beech debilitation and mortality, we investigated xylem hydraulic transport safety and observed the xylem vessel architecture in field-grown medium-sized Japanese beech trees that had been artificially defoliated repeatedly for 4 years immediately after full leaf expansion. Multiple years of defoliation immediately after full leaf expansion increased the susceptibility to xylem cavitation (P50 value; − 4.46 ± 0.38 MPa (mean ± SD) for non-defoliated control beeches, and − 2.32 ± 0.20 MPa for defoliated beeches), despite a decrease in their vessel diameter and an increase in their vessel density. In defoliated beech, many irregularly shaped, axially wrinkled and partially cracked vessels, mountain-folded intervessel pits, and fibers with thin and less-lignified cell walls were observed. The intervessel double-wall thickness of the defoliated beech was thinner than that of the control beech. Furthermore, the size and shape of intervessel pits did not change in defoliated beech, but the density of intervessel pits and the total number and total area of intervessel pits per 1 mm of vessel length increased. We conclude that the increased susceptibility to xylem cavitation caused by repeated defoliation immediately after full leaf expansion may be due to an increased total area of intervessel pits with thin pit membranes per unit vessel wall area, in addition to cell wall alteration and vessel deformation and damage.

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模拟虫害，在日本山毛榉（Fagus crenata Blume）全叶展开后不久重复人工落叶，降低木质部水力输运安全性

摘要关键信息满叶后不久反复落叶会降低榉树木质部水力输运的安全性。摘要日本榉树在全叶展开后立即遭受食叶昆虫的攻击，导致多年反复落叶，最终造成枝干枯死。为了研究反复落叶对榉树衰弱和死亡的影响，我们对木质部水力输运安全进行了调查，并观察了田间生长的中型日本榉树的木质部血管结构。尽管山毛榉的木质部血管直径减小，血管密度增大，但在全叶展开后立即进行多年落叶会增加其木质部空洞化的易感性（P50 值；未落叶对照山毛榉为 - 4.46 ± 0.38 MPa（平均值 ± SD），落叶山毛榉为 - 2.32 ± 0.20 MPa）。在落叶山毛榉中，可以观察到许多形状不规则、轴向起皱和部分开裂的血管、山形折叠的血管间凹坑以及细胞壁薄且木质化程度较低的纤维。与对照组相比，落叶榉的血管间双壁厚度更薄。此外，在落叶榉中，血管间凹坑的大小和形状没有变化，但血管间凹坑的密度以及每 1 毫米血管长度中血管间凹坑的总数和总面积有所增加。我们的结论是，全叶展开后立即反复落叶导致木质部空洞化的易感性增加，这可能是由于单位血管壁面积上带有薄坑膜的血管间凹坑总面积增加，此外还有细胞壁改变、血管变形和损坏等原因。

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来源期刊

Trees 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

113

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Trees - Structure and Function publishes original articles on the physiology, biochemistry, functional anatomy, structure and ecology of trees and other woody plants. Also presented are articles concerned with pathology and technological problems, when they contribute to the basic understanding of structure and function of trees. In addition to original articles and short communications, the journal publishes reviews on selected topics concerning the structure and function of trees.