A Retrospective Analysis of Long-Term Groundwater Level Fluctuations in the Dokuchaev Pit in the Kamennaya Steppe Nature Reserve

IF 0.3 Q4 GEOLOGY Moscow University Geology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI:10.3103/s0145875223050101
S. P. Pozdniakov, V. V. Vedyashkina, E. A. Filimonova, N. I. Pozdniakova
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Abstract

We analyzed long-term and annual groundwater level fluctuations in the Kamennaya Steppe Nature Reserve in Voronezh Region based on monitoring data from the Dokuchaev pit. This pit is a unique groundwater monitoring site with the longest observation period in Russia and Europe, amounting to 130 years. The specific feature of groundwater formation of the Quaternary horizon, penetrated by the the pit, is that the annual and multi-year regime of groundwater levels is determined by the dynamics of infiltration water exchange between groundwater and the surface. The analysis is based on an extensive factual record, including a long-term series of hydrogeological observations and meteorological database. A set of methods and approaches was used: statistical methods, correlation analysis, SURFBAL water balance calculations, etc. Cross-correlation analysis of water levels in the pit and other observation wells on the Quaternary horizon revealed that the Dokuchaev pit is a representative observation point to assess the patterns of fluctuations in groundwater levels in the Kamennaya Steppe. Based on the analysis of time series it was found that the observed dynamics of water level in the pit follows the course of the main regime-forming factors, i.e., precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, determining the excess or deficit of water for infiltration in a multi-year framework. An extreme decrease of the water level in the pit to its partial drying in 2020–2022, as observed during the last 15 years, relates to dynamics of these factors. Based on model studies, it was shown that there is a gradual transformation of the annual regime of fluctuations of water level in the pit in the late 20th and early 21st century compared with the mid-20th century due to changes in conditions of spring–winter absorption of moisture from the surface of the earth and the formation of infiltration recharge. However, it is not as significant as, for example, the transformation of river hydrographs in the Don basin.

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卡缅纳亚草原自然保护区多库恰耶夫坑长期地下水位波动回顾分析
摘要 我们根据多库恰耶夫水坑的监测数据,分析了沃罗涅日州卡缅纳亚草原自然保护区的长期和年度地下水位波动情况。该地下水坑是俄罗斯和欧洲观测时间最长的地下水监测点,长达 130 年。该地下水坑穿透的第四纪地层地下水形成的具体特点是,地下水位的年度和多年变化是由地下水和地表之间的渗透水交换动态决定的。分析以大量事实记录为基础,包括一系列长期的水文地质观测和气象数据库。采用了一系列方法和手段:统计方法、相关分析、SURFBAL 水量平衡计算等。对地下水坑和第四纪地平线上其他观测井的水位进行的交叉相关分析表明,多库恰耶夫地下水坑是评估卡缅纳亚草原地下水位波动模式的代表性观测点。根据对时间序列的分析发现,观测到的坑内水位动态与主要水系形成因素(即降水量和潜在蒸散量)的变化过程一致,这决定了多年框架内渗透水量的过剩或不足。在过去 15 年中观察到的 2020-2022 年坑内水位极度下降到部分干涸的情况与这些因素的动态变化有关。根据模型研究表明,与 20 世纪中叶相比,20 世纪末和 21 世纪初坑内水位的年度波动制度发生了渐变,原因是春季-冬季从地表吸收水分和形成渗透补给的条件发生了变化。不过,这并不像顿河流域河流水文图的变化那样显著。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
25.00%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: Moscow University Geology Bulletin  is the journal that mainly publishes scientific articles, short reports of graduate students, and reviews. Publications made by the members of the Faculty of Geology of the Moscow State University and their collaborators are published. Publications encompass all branches of geology.
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