Time budget of a mallard duck population residing in an urban park in northern Portugal during courtship and nesting period

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES acta ethologica Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI:10.1007/s10211-024-00436-w
Luís Eduardo Santos, Liliana de Sousa, Ana Magalhães
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Abstract

Behavioural observations were used to investigate the temporal dynamics events and associated variation in the daily activities of a sedentary population of mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) inhabiting an urban park in northern Portugal. Data was collected at Porto City Park from December to April, during the species’ courtship and early nesting periods. The most frequent activities for this population were locomotion, resting and feeding. Statistical analysis revealed that male and female behaviours differed significantly throughout the courtship period, as males exhibited more displays and aggressive behaviour while females were more prone to feed in order to meet their increased nutritional and energetic needs. Temporal analyses showed that courtship reached a peak in intensity in February, since it was in this month that the highest values for mating, aggressive behaviour in males and defensive behaviour in females were observed. Behavioural differences were found for this population, with higher feeding rates compared to those of wild populations as well as lower defensive behaviour rates. This paper sheds light on how synanthropized populations, as well as those from Southwestern Europe, show different behavioural responses from other populations. Additional extensive monitoring of population dynamics and factors such as latitudinal differences, habituation to humans and climate change will help to predict future growth and expansion rates.

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葡萄牙北部城市公园野鸭群求偶和筑巢期间的时间预算
摘要 通过行为观察研究了栖息在葡萄牙北部一个城市公园的野鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)种群的时间动态事件和相关的日常活动变化。数据收集于波尔图城市公园,时间为 12 月至 4 月,正值野鸭求偶期和早期筑巢期。该种群最频繁的活动是运动、休息和觅食。统计分析表明,在整个求偶期,雄性和雌性的行为显著不同,雄性表现出更多的展示和攻击行为,而雌性则更倾向于觅食,以满足其更多的营养和能量需求。时间分析表明,求偶的强度在二月份达到顶峰,因为在二月份观察到的最高值是交配、雄性的攻击行为和雌性的防御行为。与野生种群相比,该种群的摄食率较高,防御行为率较低,因此发现了行为差异。本文揭示了同化种群以及欧洲西南部的同化种群如何表现出与其他种群不同的行为反应。对种群动态以及纬度差异、对人类的习性和气候变化等因素进行更广泛的监测,将有助于预测未来的增长和扩张速度。
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来源期刊
acta ethologica
acta ethologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals. The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics. acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)
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