Wastewater-Grown Algal Biomass as Carbon-neutral, Renewable, and Low Water Footprint Feedstock for Clean Energy and Bioplastics

IF 6.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Current Pollution Reports Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI:10.1007/s40726-024-00294-x
Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Mahwish Amin, Muhammad Nabeel Haider, Sana Malik, Hafiza Aroosa Malik, Md. Asraful Alam, Jingliang Xu, Abdulrahman H. Alessa, Aqib Zafar Khan, Raj Boopathy
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Growing algae in wastewater offers carbon-neutral biomass production and pollutant removal. However, practical applications of wastewater-grown algal biomass have social acceptability issues in the food and feed industries due to unexpected threats (such as human/animal pathogens and toxins) associated with the wastewater-grown biomass. Therefore, considering the substantial pollutant removal potential of microalgae and the abundance of wastewater as a growth media, alternative bioprocessing routes of the wastewater-grown biomass should be developed. This review highlights some non-food and non-feed applications of wastewater-grown algae biomass.

Recent Findings

Wastewater-grown algal biomass contains high amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids depending upon the composition of wastewater and algal species grown. These three significant metabolites are precursors to bioenergy and biomaterial products such as bioethanol, biogas, and bioplastics. Hydrolysis of the wastewater-grown algal biomass can be easily improved to enhance the microbial fermentation yields to produce bioethanol and biobutanol. Fresh algal biomass, residual biomass, or both can be used as feedstocks in anaerobic digestion/co-digestion to produce biogas. Depending upon the selected species, wastewater-grown algal biomass can also produce biopolymers whose productivity depends on growth conditions, wastewater composition, and biopolymer synthesis method. Enzymatic, eco-friendly chemicals and mechanical approaches used to prepare biopolymers from algal biomass should be optimized for higher yields of biopolymers.

Summary

Although wastewater-grown biomass has acceptability issues, it offers certain environmental benefits, including atmospheric carbon capture, phycoremediation of pollutants, and water recycling. This manuscript highlights the recent progress and emerging trends of wastewater-grown algal biomass as a feedstock with potential applications for fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and bioprocessing to produce clean energy and bioplastics.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

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将废水中生长的藻类生物质作为碳中和、可再生、低水足迹的清洁能源和生物塑料原料
综述目的在废水中生长藻类可产生碳中和生物质并去除污染物。然而,废水中生长的藻类生物质的实际应用在食品和饲料行业存在社会接受度问题,因为废水中生长的生物质会带来意想不到的威胁(如人类/动物病原体和毒素)。因此,考虑到微藻去除污染物的巨大潜力和废水作为生长介质的丰富性,应开发废水生长生物质的替代生物加工途径。本综述重点介绍了废水中生长的藻类生物质的一些非食品和非饲料应用。最近的研究结果废水中生长的藻类生物质含有大量碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂类,具体含量取决于废水成分和生长的藻类种类。这三种重要的代谢物是生物能源和生物材料产品(如生物乙醇、沼气和生物塑料)的前体。对废水中生长的藻类生物质进行水解可以很容易地提高微生物发酵的产量,从而生产出生物乙醇和生物丁醇。新鲜藻类生物质、残留生物质或两者均可用作厌氧消化/协同消化的原料,以生产沼气。根据所选物种的不同,废水中生长的藻类生物质还可以生产生物聚合物,其生产率取决于生长条件、废水成分和生物聚合物合成方法。从藻类生物质制备生物聚合物所使用的酶法、环保化学品和机械方法应进行优化,以获得更高的生物聚合物产量。 摘要虽然废水中生长的生物质存在可接受性问题,但它具有一定的环境效益,包括大气碳捕获、污染物的植物修复和水循环利用。本手稿重点介绍了废水中生长的藻类生物质作为一种原料的最新进展和新兴趋势,这种原料有可能应用于发酵、厌氧消化和生物加工,以生产清洁能源和生物塑料。
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来源期刊
Current Pollution Reports
Current Pollution Reports Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
1.40%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: Current Pollution Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field of environmental pollution.By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to identification, characterization, treatment, management of pollutants and much more.
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