Differential Diagnosis in the Management of Acute Respiratory Infections through Point-of-Care Rapid Testing in a Post-Pandemic Scenario in Latin America: Special Focus on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

COVID Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI:10.3390/covid4020017
C. Álvarez-Moreno, Evaldo Stanislau Affonso de Araújo, Elsa Baumeister, Katya A. Nogales Crespo, A. Kalergis, José Esteban Muñoz Medina, P. Tsukayama, C. Ugarte-Gil
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Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive summary of evidence to explore the role and value of differential diagnosis in the management of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) through point-of-care (POC) rapid testing in a post-pandemic scenario, paying particular attention to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The document builds on a review of literature and policies and a process of validation and feedback by a group of seven experts from Latin America (LATAM). Evidence was collected to understand scientific and policy perspectives on the differential diagnosis of ARIs and POC rapid testing, with a focus on seven countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru. The evidence indicates that POC rapid testing can serve to improve ARI case management, epidemiological surveillance, research and innovation, and evidence-based decision-making. With multiple types of rapid tests available for POC, decisions regarding which tests to use require the consideration of the testing purpose, available resources, and test characteristics regarding accuracy, accessibility, affordability, and results turnaround time. Based on the understanding of the current situation, this document provides a set of recommendations for the implementation of POC rapid testing in LATAM, supporting decision-making and guiding efforts by a broad range of stakeholders.
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在拉丁美洲大流行后通过护理点快速检测对急性呼吸道感染进行鉴别诊断:特别关注 COVID-19、流感和呼吸道合胞病毒
本综述提供了一份全面的证据摘要,以探讨在大流行后的情况下通过护理点 (POC) 快速检测进行鉴别诊断在急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 管理中的作用和价值,尤其关注 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19)、流感和呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)。本文件以文献和政策审查为基础,并经过拉丁美洲 (LATAM) 七位专家的验证和反馈。收集证据的目的是了解关于急性呼吸道感染鉴别诊断和 POC 快速检测的科学和政策观点,重点关注七个国家:阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、墨西哥和秘鲁。证据表明,POC 快速检测可用于改善急性呼吸道感染病例管理、流行病监测、研究与创新以及循证决策。由于有多种 POC 快速检测方法可供选择,在决定使用哪种检测方法时,需要考虑检测目的、可用资源以及检测的准确性、可及性、可负担性和结果周转时间等特点。基于对当前情况的了解,本文件为在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区实施 POC 快速检测提供了一套建议,为决策提供支持,并为广大利益相关者的工作提供指导。
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