Thermal Characterization of Subcooled Flow Boiling in a Pin-Fin Coldplate with Non-Uniform Heating

Abstract

Coldplates are a crucial component in various cooling applications, such as cooling data center servers and power electronics. The unprecedented growth in electronics power density, along with the resulting ultra-high heat fluxes, demands a transition from single-phase forced convection to two-phase flow boiling heat transfer. The majority of studies in the literature have focused on flow boiling in fin-enhanced silicon microgaps and microchannels, with only a few addressing flow boiling in millimeter-scale heat sinks. In the present study, flow boiling of HFE-7200 dielectric fluid in a millimeter-scale pin-fin coldplate is experimentally investigated under non-uniform heating conditions. Four background heaters represent the low-dissipating-power devices. On the other hand, five hotspot heaters mimic the high-heat-flux devices and generate heat fluxes ranging from 50 W/cm2 to 1,000 W/cm2, corresponding to hotspot heat inputs ranging from 62.5 W to 1.25 kW, respectively. The coldplate's thermohydraulic performance is investigated for various flow rates and inlet temperature ranging from 0.5 L/min to 1.5 L/min and from 25°C to 60°C, respectively. A high-speed camera is utilized for a narrow field of view (FOV) flow visualization at a frame rate of 2229 fps, while a digital camera is used for a wider FOV at 60 fps. Flow visualization demonstrated the transition between bubbly, slug/churn, and stratified two-phase flow regimes.