Machine Learning-enhanced loT and Wireless Sensor Networks for predictive analysis and maintenance in wind turbine systems

Abstract

Wind power (WP) represents a Renewable Energy Source (RES) that has noticed substantial development as people continuously search for green energy sources. Utilizing predominantly Predictive Maintenance (PM) of Wind Turbines (WT), this research analyzes the potential benefits that could be generated by Wind Energy (WE) through the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This research recommends an Internet of Things-WSN model for PM comprised of three distinct phases: the primary phase is the collection of data via sensors, the second phase is the transmission of that data through a connection to the Internet, and the final phase is the implementation of data analytics on that data in the context of cloud computing. For PM analytics, this work introduces a Predictive Maintenance Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (PM-C-LSTM) model that combines the spatial pattern recognition capabilities of a Convolutional Neural Network with the sequential data prowess of LSTM networks. The PM-C-LSTM model combines CNN for recognizing spatial patterns and LSTM networks for analyzing sequential data in a way that doesn't affect the accuracy of WT-PM. A Failure Sample Generator model is also fused into the study to measure soft failure and hard failure factors and improve the predictive accuracy of the Machine Learning (ML) model. Data became available over 16 months while the model was applied to a Wind Farm (WF) positioned on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has been demonstrated that the PM-C-LSTM model possesses enhanced PM capabilities by comparing its efficiency to other standard models using a selection of performance metrics. The result of the test indicates that there is a probability that the hybrid IoT and ML will improve PM methods in WT, which will subsequently help improve the effectiveness and sustainability of WE generation.