Antimicrobial activity of Thuja occidentalis essential oils and extracts

N. A. Kovalenko, G. N. Supichenkо, Т. I. Ahramovich, Y. A. Niachai, V. N. Leontiev
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Abstract

The steam distillation method was used to obtain samples of essential oil of cultivars with a columnar and spherical shape of the crown Thuja occidentalis introduced in the Republic of Belarus. More than 26 components have been identified and determined in the essential oil of Thuja occidentalis by gas-liquid chromatography. The dominant components are α-thujone (∼55–60 %), β-thujone (∼10–12 %), fenchone (∼8–16 %), sabinene (∼1–5 %), camphor (∼1–4 %), bornylacetate (∼1–3 %). Distributions of terpenoid enantiomers in the essential oil of Thuja occidentalis cultivars are shown. The antimicrobial activity of Thuja occidentalis essential oils was detected in relation to test cultures of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial cultures were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of essential oil samples from plants with a spherical crown shape. The influence of the optical activity of camphor on the essential oil antimicrobial properties is shown. It has been established that alcohol extracts of Thuja occidentalis are inferior to essential oils in terms of antimicrobial activity. The effect of the crown shape and the color of the studied cultivar needles on their antioxidant properties is shown.
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侧柏精油和提取物的抗菌活性
采用水蒸气蒸馏法获得了白俄罗斯共和国引进的树冠为柱形和球形的西洋杉栽培品种的精油样本。通过气-液色谱法,鉴定并确定了皇冠遒劲树精油中的 26 种以上成分。主要成分有:α-��酮(55%-60%)、β-��酮(10%-12%)、葑酮(8%-16%)、沙比利烯(1%-5%)、樟脑(1%-4%)、乙酸冰片酯(1%-3%)。图中显示了西洋杉栽培品种精油中萜类对映体的分布情况。在革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的试验培养物中检测了侧柏精油的抗菌活性。细菌培养物对树冠呈球形的植物精油样本的抑制作用更为敏感。樟脑的光学活性对精油抗菌特性的影响显而易见。研究证实,就抗菌活性而言,西洋杉的醇提取物不如精油。显示了所研究的栽培品种针叶的冠形和颜色对其抗氧化特性的影响。
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