A Comprehensive Review on Green and Eco-Friendly Nano-Adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions: Synthesis, Adsorption Mechanisms, and Applications

IF 6.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Current Pollution Reports Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI:10.1007/s40726-023-00290-7
Somayeh Bakhtiari, Marjan Salari, Meysam Shahrashoub, Asma Zeidabadinejad, Gaurav Sharma, Mika Sillanpää
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Environmental pollution stemming from industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities is constantly increasing. The removal of these hazardous pollutants from the environment is inevitable, so finding and developing convenient, cost-effective, and biocompatible treatment methods is imperative. As emerging adsorbents, green nanoparticles (NPs) have received significant attention in recent years due to their biocompatibility and promising capability for removing pollutants such as heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This study aims to provide a comprehensive and coherent review of the heavy metals removal via an adsorption technique using green nanoparticles, focusing on their synthesis and adsorption mechanisms.

Recent Findings

Currently, plants and microorganisms are used to synthesize green nano-adsorbents. The antioxidant compounds in the extracts of different parts of the plants could be used as reducing agents for the synthesis of zero-valent metal nanoparticles. Moreover, they can be applied to the surface of nanoparticles, which enhances the stability of synthesized nanoparticles. In addition to plant-derived compounds, microorganisms can play a significant role in synthesizing green nanoparticles.

Summary

For decades, human health and the environment have been threatened by exposure to heavy metals caused by the activities of mines, industries, and factories. Therefore, there is a need to provide solutions to remove these pollutants from the environment. One of the effective solutions is the adsorption method. The efficiency of this method is strongly influenced by the selection of suitable adsorbents. In recent years, special attention has been paid to nano-adsorbents. Utilizing green nano-adsorbents, as opposed to conventional materials, is a critical strategy for reducing environmental pollutants, particularly for heavy metal adsorption from contaminated water and wastewater. This paper also discusses the sources and occurrence of heavy metals, as well as a number of environmental issues of methods that employ green and eco-friendly nano-adsorbents for heavy metals removal, including (i) the type of heavy metals and their use pattern, (ii) influencing factors, (iii) heavy metal analysis methods and their potential toxicity, and (iv) different conventional and cutting-edge nanotechnologies for water and wastewater treatment. The literature review, which covered the years 2002–2023, provided a critical illustration of current concerns about heavy metal contamination and removal efforts, with a focus on green nano-adsorbents and the use of these environmentally friendly materials.

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去除重金属离子的绿色环保型纳米吸附剂综述:合成、吸附机理与应用
审查目的工业、农业和家庭活动造成的环境污染日益严重。从环境中清除这些有害污染物是不可避免的,因此,寻找和开发方便、经济、生物兼容的处理方法势在必行。作为新兴的吸附剂,绿色纳米粒子(NPs)因其生物相容性和有望从水溶液中去除重金属等污染物的能力,近年来受到了广泛关注。本研究旨在对利用绿色纳米粒子的吸附技术去除重金属进行全面、连贯的综述,重点关注其合成和吸附机理。植物不同部位提取物中的抗氧化化合物可用作合成零价金属纳米粒子的还原剂。此外,它们还可以应用于纳米颗粒的表面,从而提高合成纳米颗粒的稳定性。摘要几十年来,人类健康和环境一直受到矿山、工业和工厂活动造成的重金属暴露的威胁。因此,有必要提供清除环境中这些污染物的解决方案。吸附法是有效的解决方案之一。选择合适的吸附剂对这种方法的效率影响很大。近年来,纳米吸附剂受到特别关注。与传统材料相比,利用绿色纳米吸附剂是减少环境污染物,尤其是吸附受污染水和废水中重金属的关键策略。本文还讨论了重金属的来源和发生情况,以及采用绿色环保纳米吸附剂去除重金属的方法所涉及的一系列环境问题,包括:(i) 重金属类型及其使用模式;(ii) 影响因素;(iii) 重金属分析方法及其潜在毒性;以及 (iv) 用于水和废水处理的不同传统和前沿纳米技术。文献综述的时间跨度为 2002 年至 2023 年,重点关注绿色纳米吸附剂和这些环境友好型材料的使用情况,对当前人们关注的重金属污染和去除工作进行了批判性说明。
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来源期刊
Current Pollution Reports
Current Pollution Reports Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
1.40%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: Current Pollution Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field of environmental pollution.By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to identification, characterization, treatment, management of pollutants and much more.
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