A two-stage partial nitritation-denitritation/anammox (PN-DN/A) process to treat high-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) reject water: Verification based on pilot-scale and full-scale projects

IF 7.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Water Research X Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100213

Yanyan Zhang, Hui Gong, Danyang Zhu, Dandan Lu, Shuyan Zhou, Yayi Wang, Xiaohu Dai

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Abstract

High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) reject water, distinguished by elevated levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH₄⁺-N and an imbalanced COD/TIN, presents a significant challenge for treatment through conventional partial nitritation/ anammox (PN/A) process. This study introduced a revised two-stage PN/A process, namely partial nitritation/denitritation-anammox (PN-DN/A) process. Its effectiveness was investigated through both pilot-scale (12 t/d) and full-scale (400 t/d) operations, showcasing stable operation with an impressive total removal rate of over 90 % for total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and exceeding 60 % for COD. Notably, 30 % of TIN was eliminated through heterotrophic denitritation in partial nitritation-denitritation (PN-DN) stage, while approximately 55 % of TIN removal occurred in the anammox stage with anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) enrichment (Candidatus Kuenenia, 25.9 % and 26.6 % relative abundance for pilot and full scale). In the PN-DN stage, aerobic-anaerobic alternation promoted organics elimination (around 50 % COD) and balanced nitrogen species. Microbial and metagenomic analysis verified the coupling between autotrophic and heterotrophic denitritation and demonstrated that PN-DN stage acted as a protective buffer for anammox stage. This comprehensive study highlights the PN-DN/A process's efficacy in stably treating HSAD reject water.

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处理高固体厌氧消化（HSAD）废水的两阶段部分亚硝酸盐化-反硝酸盐化/氨氧化（PN-DN/A）工艺：基于中试规模和全面规模项目的验证

高固体厌氧消化（HSAD）废水的特点是化学需氧量（COD）、NH4+-N 含量较高，且 COD/TIN 不平衡，这给传统的部分亚硝酸盐/氨氧化（PN/A）工艺处理带来了巨大挑战。本研究引入了一种改进的两阶段 PN/A 工艺，即部分亚硝酸盐/反硝酸盐-氨氧化（PN-DN/A）工艺。通过中试规模（12 吨/天）和正式规模（400 吨/天）的运行对其有效性进行了研究，结果表明，该工艺运行稳定，总无机氮（TIN）的总去除率超过 90%，化学需氧量（COD）的总去除率超过 60%，令人印象深刻。值得注意的是，在部分亚硝酸盐化-亚硝酸盐化（PN-DN）阶段，30%的 TIN 通过异养脱硝化作用被去除，而在厌氧氨氧化细菌（AnAOB）富集（Candidatus Kuenenia，中试和大规模的相对丰度分别为 25.9% 和 26.6%）的厌氧阶段，TIN 的去除率约为 55%。在 PN-DN 阶段，好氧-厌氧交替促进了有机物的消除（约 50% COD）和氮物种的平衡。微生物和元基因组分析验证了自养和异养脱硝之间的耦合作用，并证明 PN-DN 阶段对 anammox 阶段起到了保护缓冲作用。这项综合研究凸显了 PN-DN/A 工艺在稳定处理 HSAD 废水方面的功效。

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来源期刊

Water Research X Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology

CiteScore

12.30

自引率

1.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Water Research X is a sister journal of Water Research, which follows a Gold Open Access model. It focuses on publishing concise, letter-style research papers, visionary perspectives and editorials, as well as mini-reviews on emerging topics. The Journal invites contributions from researchers worldwide on various aspects of the science and technology related to the human impact on the water cycle, water quality, and its global management.