Accidental Exposure to Body Fluids Among Healthcare Workers in a Referral Hospital in the Security-Challenged Region of South West Cameroon

Abstract

Introduction: Accidental exposure to body fluids (AEBs) increases the risk of blood-borne infections among susceptible HCWs. While 90% of the AEB reported occur in developed nations, developing countries bear 90% of the burden of healthcare associated infections, especially those of sub-Saharan Africa. Social insecurity may contribute further to the vulnerability of HCWs. Our study sought to determine the prevalence, reporting and management of AEBs among HCWs in the security-challenged Region of South-West Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2023 to April 2023, at the Buea Regional Hospital. Following informed consent, a 28-item interviewer-administered questionnaire to HCW was used. Data was entered and analyzed using R Statistics version 4.3.1. Results: Out of the 230 HCWs that were approached, 200 were responded for a participation rate of >85%. The prevalence of AEB was high (93%). Exposures occurred while administering injections (37%), during blood sample collection (16%), delivery (11%), surgery (10.2%) and washing. The main risk factors for AEB included female gender (aOR=2.86) and those exercising in the medical (aOR=5.95), pediatrics (aOR=10.5), obstetrical (aOR=22.6), dental (aOR=26.3) units. Only 46.8% of AEBs were reported. Post-exposure management was carried out for 67.2% of the reported cases. Most HCW were unaware of the existence of an Infection Control Committee within the study setting, corroborating gaps in the observance of Standard Precautions. Conclusions: Most HCWs experienced AEBs over the last year. There is a need to sensitize and enforce the observance of universal precautions among HCW of the Buea Regional Hospital. Such measures should be extended to other health facilities in related settings.