Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS Global Heart Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI:10.5334/gh.1307

Alfred Doku, Lawrence Sena Tuglo, Vincent Boima, Francis Agyekum, Pearl Aovare, Martha Ali Abdulai, Anthony Godi, Ron J.G. Peters, Charles Agyemang

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Abstract

Background: The increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden threatens the global population as the major cause of disability and premature death. Data are scarce on the magnitude of CVD among the population in West Africa, particularly in Ghana. This study examined the available scientific evidence to determine the pooled prevalence (PP) of CVD and risk factors in Ghana. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Africa Journal Online databases to identify literature published from the start of the indexing of the database to 10th February 2023. All articles published in the English language that assessed the prevalence of CVD or reported on CVD in Ghana were included. Two authors independently performed the study selection, assessed the risk of bias, extracted the data and checked by the third author. The effect sizes and pooled odds ratio (POR) were determined using the random-effects DerSimonian-Laird (DL) model. Result: Sixteen studies with 58912 participants from 1954 to 2022 were included in the meta-analysis. Six studies out of 16 reported more than one prevalence of CVD, giving a total of 59 estimates for PP. The PP of CVD in the general population in Ghana was 10.34% (95% Cl: [8.48, 12.20]; l2 99.54%, p < 0.001). Based on the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of CVD was higher in hospital-based settings at 10.74% (95%, confidence interval [Cl]: 8.69, 12.79) than in community-based settings at 5.04% (95% Cl: 2.54, 7.53). The risk factors were male gender (pooled odds ratio [POR]: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.70), old age (POR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.45), unemployment (POR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.33, 5.16), diabetes (POR: 2.79; 95% CI: 1.62, 4.81) and hypertension (POR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.75, 6.66). Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD was high in Ghana. Urgent interventions are needed for the prevention and management of the high burden of CVD and its risk factors.

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加纳的心血管疾病患病率和风险因素：系统回顾与元分析

背景：心血管疾病（CVD）是导致残疾和过早死亡的主要原因，日益加重的心血管疾病负担威胁着全球人口。有关西非，尤其是加纳人口心血管疾病发病率的数据很少。本研究审查了现有的科学证据，以确定加纳心血管疾病和风险因素的总体流行率 (PP)。研究方法我们检索了 PubMed、Google Scholar、Cochrane Library、Science Direct 和 Africa Journal Online 等电子数据库，以确定自数据库索引编制开始至 2023 年 2 月 10 日期间发表的文献。纳入了所有以英语发表的评估加纳心血管疾病患病率或报告心血管疾病的文章。两位作者独立进行研究筛选、评估偏倚风险、提取数据，并由第三位作者进行核对。采用随机效应 DerSimonian-Laird（DL）模型确定效应大小和汇总几率比（POR）。研究结果荟萃分析纳入了 1954 年至 2022 年期间的 16 项研究，共有 58912 名参与者。在 16 项研究中，有 6 项研究报告了不止一种心血管疾病的患病率，因此共有 59 个 PP 估计值。加纳普通人群的心血管疾病患病率为 10.34% (95% Cl: [8.48, 12.20]; l2 99.54%, p < 0.001)。根据亚组分析，心血管疾病在医院的发病率为 10.74%（95% 置信区间 [Cl]：8.69，12.79），高于在社区的发病率 5.04%（95% 置信区间：2.54，7.53）。风险因素包括男性性别（汇总几率比 [POR]：1.66；95% CI：1.02，2.70）、年龄（POR：1.32；95% CI：1.21，1.45）、失业（POR：2.62；95% CI：1.33，5.16）、糖尿病（POR：2.79；95% CI：1.62，4.81）和高血压（POR：3.41；95% CI：1.75，6.66）。结论加纳心血管疾病的发病率很高。需要采取紧急干预措施，预防和管理心血管疾病及其风险因素造成的高负担。

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来源期刊

Global Heart Medicine-Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

5.40%

发文量

审稿时长

5 weeks

期刊介绍： Global Heart offers a forum for dialogue and education on research, developments, trends, solutions and public health programs related to the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide, with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Manuscripts should address not only the extent or epidemiology of the problem, but also describe interventions to effectively control and prevent CVDs and the underlying factors. The emphasis should be on approaches applicable in settings with limited resources. Economic evaluations of successful interventions are particularly welcome. We will also consider negative findings if important. While reports of hospital or clinic-based treatments are not excluded, particularly if they have broad implications for cost-effective disease control or prevention, we give priority to papers addressing community-based activities. We encourage submissions on cardiovascular surveillance and health policies, professional education, ethical issues and technological innovations related to prevention. Global Heart is particularly interested in publishing data from updated national or regional demographic health surveys, World Health Organization or Global Burden of Disease data, large clinical disease databases or registries. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses on globally relevant topics are welcome. We will also consider clinical research that has special relevance to LMICs, e.g. using validated instruments to assess health-related quality-of-life in patients from LMICs, innovative diagnostic-therapeutic applications, real-world effectiveness clinical trials, research methods (innovative methodologic papers, with emphasis on low-cost research methods or novel application of methods in low resource settings), and papers pertaining to cardiovascular health promotion and policy (quantitative evaluation of health programs.