Feminist foreign policy in Israel and Germany? The Women, Peace, and Security agenda, development policy, and female representation

IF 2.5 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS European Journal of International Security Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI:10.1017/eis.2024.6
Amnon Aran, Klaus Brummer
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Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between feminist foreign policy (FFP) and a country’s national role conception (NRC). Specifically, it asks whether countries with ‘masculine’ NRCs are opposed to the pursuit of FFP while countries with a more ‘feminine’ national role conception are advocates of FFP. To this end, the paper conducts a comparative analysis of ‘masculine’ Israel and ‘feminine’ Germany along three domains: normative (with a focus on the Women, Peace, and Security [WPS] agenda), material (in relation to development policy), and institutional (with reference to female representation). Generally speaking, Germany has indeed undertaken broader and more substantive activities in pursuit of FFP goals than Israel. At the same time, Israel has clearly been more active than its ‘masculine’ role would suggest, and Germany less active and vocal than its ‘civilian power’ role would imply. Overall, the discussion suggests that whether countries pursue FFP goals is strongly influenced by the latter’s compatibility with the countries’ overarching NRCs, with party ideology, institutional autonomy, and intersection between gender policy and state interests playing a greater role regarding the specific levels of commitment and intensity shown in the pursuit of those goals.
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以色列和德国的女权主义外交政策?妇女、和平与安全议程、发展政策和女性代表权
本文探讨了女权主义外交政策(FFP)与国家角色概念(NRC)之间的关系。具体而言,本文探讨了具有 "男性化 "国家角色概念的国家是否反对推行女权主义外交政策,而具有 "女性化 "国家角色概念的国家是否倡导女权主义外交政策。为此,本文从三个方面对 "阳刚 "的以色列和 "阴柔 "的德国进行了比较分析:规范(重点是妇女、和平与安全议程)、物质(与发展政策有关)和制度(与女性代表有关)。总体而言,德国在实现妇女、和平与安全目标方面确实比以色列开展了更广泛、更实 质性的活动。同时,以色列显然比其 "男性 "角色所暗示的更加积极,而德国则没有其 "民间力量 "角色所暗示的那么积极和敢于表达。总之,讨论表明,各国是否追求家庭促进项目的目标,在很大程度上受到后者与国家总体国情咨文的一致性的影响,而政党意识形态、机构自治以及性别政策与国家利益之间的交叉,在追求这些目标的具体承诺和强度方面发挥着更大的作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
13.60%
发文量
30
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