Network analysis of symptoms, physiological, psychological and environmental risk factors based on unpleasant symptom theory in patients with chronic heart failure
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Abstract
Background
Somatic symptoms and related factors in patients with chronic heart failure have been extensively researched. However, more insight into the complex interconnections among these constructs is needed, as most studies focus on them independently from each other.
Aims
The aim of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of how somatic symptoms and related factors are interconnected among patients with chronic heart failure.
Methods
A total of 379 patients were enrolled. Network analysis was used to explore the interconnections among the somatic symptoms and related risk factors.
Results
The four core symptoms of chronic heart failure were daytime dyspnea, dyspnea when lying down, fatigue and difficulty sleeping. Within the network, the edge weights of depression–anxiety, subjective social support–objective social support, and subjective social support–social support availability were more significant than others. Among physiological, psychological and environmental factors, the edge weights of NYHA–dyspnea, depression–difficulty sleeping, and social support availability–dyspnea when lying down were more significant than others. Depression and anxiety had the highest centrality, indicating stronger and closer connections with other nodes.
Conclusions
Psychological and environmental factors stood out in the network, suggesting the potential value of interventions targeting these factors to improve overall health.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Nursing Practice is a fully refereed journal that publishes original scholarly work that advances the international understanding and development of nursing, both as a profession and as an academic discipline. The Journal focuses on research papers and professional discussion papers that have a sound scientific, theoretical or philosophical base. Preference is given to high-quality papers written in a way that renders them accessible to a wide audience without compromising quality. The primary criteria for acceptance are excellence, relevance and clarity. All articles are peer-reviewed by at least two researchers expert in the field of the submitted paper.
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