Progress on Tritium Toxicity and Detoxification Strategies

Abstract

Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that emits β-rays. Ingesting large doses of tritium can result in significant internal radiation damage to tissues and organs, causing chromosome damage, genomic instability, and even cancer. Therefore, the efficient promotion of tritium excretion and detoxification has become a crucial concern due to the extensive utilization of tritium. Conventional approaches involve administering diuretics and increased water intake, which can shorten the effective half-excretion period by 4 to 6 days. However, diuretic usage may lead to adverse reactions. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicines, such as Paichuanpian and Chahuangjing, have garnered attention for their potential in tritium elimination, with demonstrated low toxicity in animal experiments. Nevertheless, given the limited number of clinical cases involving internal tritium pollution, uncertainties persist regarding their clinical effects and toxicity levels. Hydrogen-rich water provides a simple, safe, nontoxic solution that has demonstrated promising results in antiradiation therapy and the treatment of various diseases. Experimental evidence suggests that hydrogen-rich water can also enhance excretion and detoxification processes while offering antioxidant benefits in animal models exposed to internal tritium. Therefore, it holds potential as an innovative approach for promoting tritium excretion and detoxification. This paper aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different measures and medications to provide insights into the development and enhancement of drugs specifically designed for promoting tritium excretion.