Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Association Between Pregnancy Complications and Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Linking Three Cohorts

Abstract

Background: We hypothesized that there is an influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on association between pregnancy complications and premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) risk. Materials and Methods: This project involved a data linkage approach merging three databases of South Australian cohorts using retrospective, age-matched case–control study design. Cases (n = 721), that is, women aged <60 years from Coronary Angiogram Database of South Australia (CADOSA) were linked to South Australian Perinatal Statistics Collection (SAPSC) to ascertain prior pregnancy outcomes and SES. Controls (n = 194) were selected from North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS), comprising women who were healthy or had health conditions unrelated to CAD, age matched to CADOSA (±5 years), and linked to SAPSC to determine prior pregnancy outcomes and SES. This project performed comparative analysis of SES using socioeconomic indexes for areas–index of relative socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage (SEIFA-IRSAD) scores across three databases. Results: Findings revealed that SEIFA-IRSAD scores at the time of pregnancy (p-value = 0.005) and increase in SEIFA-IRSAD scores over time (p-value = 0.040) were significantly associated with PCAD. In addition, when models were adjusted for SEIFA-IRSAD scores at the time of pregnancy and age, risk factors including placenta-mediated pregnancy complications such as preterm birth (odds ratio [OR] = 4.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74–13.03) and history of a miscarriage (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.02–4.49), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including smoking (OR = 8.60, 95% CI: 3.25–22.75) were significantly associated with PCAD. When the model was adjusted for change in SEIFA-IRSAD scores (from CADOSA/NWAHS to SAPSC) and age, pregnancy-mediated pregnancy complications including preterm birth (OR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.61–12.05) and history of a miscarriage (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.00–4.35), and CVD risk factor smoking (OR = 8.75, 95% CI: 3.32–23.07) were significantly associated with PCAD. Conclusion: SES at the time of pregnancy and change in SES were not associated with PCAD risk.