Revealing the Indispensable Role of the RFamide Functionality using a Novel Acid Labile Benzofuranone based Amine (ALBA) Linker

Abstract

The RFamide family of peptides represents an important class of GPCR ligand neuropeptides covering a wide range of biological functions. While many analogues of the highly conserved C-terminal RFamide motif within this peptide class have been synthesized and their functional significance elucidated, additional exploration of the structure activity relationship is of value. We have developed a novel linker for solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) which is able to anchor amine functionalised compounds for further elaboration. The acid labile benzofuranone based amine (ALBA) linker (5-(3-aminopropylcarbamoyl)-2-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]benzoic acid) is compatible with Fmoc based SPPS and has two cleavage modes. As a proof of concept, the ALBA linker was used to successfully synthesise a novel analogue of Kisspeptin 10, the natural ligand for GPCR54, whereby the natural RFamide motif was replaced with an RFamine. Biological evaluation of the amine-containing analogue revealed that the group is not compatible with receptor activation.