Happy Moments between Children and Their Parents: A Multi-method and Multi-informant Perspective

IF 3.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Happiness Studies Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI:10.1007/s10902-024-00735-w
Flavia Izzo, Edoardo Saija, Susanna Pallini, Salvatore Ioverno, Roberto Baiocco, Jessica Pistella
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Abstract

Research interest in children’s happiness has increasingly grown in recent years. Studies of children’s happiness have shown that happiness promotes greater social and emotional well-being during childhood. The present study explores the different perspectives of children and their parents on happy moments spent together, examining potential discrepancies in points of view. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 154 children (6–13 years old: Mage=8.72, SD = 2.00; 57% girls), their mothers (Mage=42.30, SD = 4.50), and their fathers (Mage=45.47, SD = 5.42). Children were asked to indicate their level of happiness using a single item and to recount their happy moments spent with their fathers and mothers. Parents were asked to evaluate their children’s happiness and to identify what they thought was the happiest moment their children had experienced with them. The data was analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Six main themes related to children’s happy moments emerged from the transcripts: (1) Activities outside the home; (2) Shared activities between parents and children; (3) Happy moments of play between parents and children; (4) Parent-child moments of affection; (5) Relevance of material gifts; (6) Non-specified happy moments. Emotional interactions characterized the happiest moments reported with mothers, while those with fathers were more frequently playful and fun situations. Results showed that parents and children disagree on children’s happiness levels and tend to identify different episodes as the happiest moments spent together. The study examined parent-child interactions in the context of family happiness, considering the protective role of a child’s happiness against negative psychological symptoms. It aimed to identify components of happier moments as potential indicators of family well-being, given the family’s role in psychological development.

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儿童与父母之间的快乐时光:多方法和多信息透视
近年来,对儿童幸福感的研究兴趣与日俱增。对儿童幸福感的研究表明,幸福感能促进儿童时期的社交和情感幸福。本研究探讨了儿童及其父母对一起度过的快乐时光的不同看法,研究了观点之间可能存在的差异。研究人员对 154 名儿童(6-13 岁:平均年龄=8.72,平均标准偏差=2.00;57% 为女孩)、他们的母亲(平均年龄=42.30,平均标准偏差=4.50)和父亲(平均年龄=45.47,平均标准偏差=5.42)进行了半结构式访谈。孩子们被要求用一个单项来表示他们的快乐程度,并讲述他们与父亲和母亲一起度过的快乐时光。父母被要求评价子女的幸福感,并指出他们认为子女与他们一起经历的最幸福的时刻。我们使用主题分析法对数据进行了分析。笔录中出现了六个与儿童快乐时刻有关的主题:(1)家庭外的活动;(2)父母与子女之间的共同活动;(3)父母与子女之间玩耍的快乐时刻;(4)父母与子女之间的亲情时刻;(5)物质礼物的相关性;(6)未指定的快乐时刻。据报告,与母亲之间的情感互动是最幸福的时刻,而与父亲之间的情感互动则更多地表现为玩耍和欢乐的情景。结果表明,父母和子女对子女的快乐程度存在分歧,并倾向于将不同的情节认定为共同度过的最快乐时刻。这项研究从家庭幸福的角度研究了亲子互动,考虑到了孩子的幸福感对负面心理症状的保护作用。考虑到家庭在心理发展中的作用,研究旨在确定更幸福时刻的组成部分,作为家庭幸福的潜在指标。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
6.50%
发文量
110
期刊介绍: The international peer-reviewed Journal of Happiness Studies is devoted to theoretical and applied advancements in all areas of well-being research. It covers topics referring to both the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives characterizing well-being studies. The former includes the investigation of cognitive dimensions such as satisfaction with life, and positive affect and emotions. The latter includes the study of constructs and processes related to optimal psychological functioning, such as meaning and purpose in life, character strengths, personal growth, resilience, optimism, hope, and self-determination. In addition to contributions on appraisal of life-as-a-whole, the journal accepts papers investigating these topics in relation to specific domains, such as family, education, physical and mental health, and work. The journal welcomes high-quality theoretical and empirical submissions in the fields of economics, psychology and sociology, as well as contributions from researchers in the domains of education, medicine, philosophy and other related fields. The Journal of Happiness Studies provides a forum for three main areas in happiness research: 1) theoretical conceptualizations of well-being, happiness and the good life; 2) empirical investigation of well-being and happiness in different populations, contexts and cultures; 3) methodological advancements and development of new assessment instruments. The journal addresses the conceptualization, operationalization and measurement of happiness and well-being dimensions, as well as the individual, socio-economic and cultural factors that may interact with them as determinants or outcomes. Central Questions include, but are not limited to: Conceptualization: What meanings are denoted by terms like happiness and well-being? How do these fit in with broader conceptions of the good life? Operationalization and Measurement: Which methods can be used to assess how people feel about life? How to operationalize a new construct or an understudied dimension in the well-being domain? What are the best measures for investigating specific well-being related constructs and dimensions? Prevalence and causality Do individuals belonging to different populations and cultures vary in their well-being ratings? How does individual well-being relate to social and economic phenomena (characteristics, circumstances, behavior, events, and policies)? What are the personal, social and economic determinants and causes of individual well-being dimensions? Evaluation: What are the consequences of well-being for individual development and socio-economic progress? Are individual happiness and well-being worthwhile goals for governments and policy makers? Does well-being represent a useful parameter to orient planning in physical and mental healthcare, and in public health? Interdisciplinary studies: How has the study of happiness developed within and across disciplines? Can we link philosophical thought and empirical research? What are the biological correlates of well-being dimensions?
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