Emergence of enterovirus D68 in a Norwegian paediatric population 2012-2022

IF 2 Q4 VIROLOGY Frontiers in virology Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI:10.3389/fviro.2024.1358963
Elisabeth Toverud Landaas, Ingvild Klundby, Per Kristian Knudsen, Anne-Marte Bakken Kran, Susanne Dudman, Andreas Lind, Mona Holberg-Petersen
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Abstract

Background

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) primarily causes respiratory infection, occasionally manifesting with neurological symptoms. Outbreak reports have been published from various countries including Norway, but a longitudinal study on EV-D68 prevalence in Northern Europe is lacking.

Methods

Respiratory samples from children ≤14 years received at Oslo University Hospital in the years 2012-2022 were examined for EV-D68. Samples from 2012-2015 were retrospectively screened using a semi-specific RT-PCR, with positive samples confirmed by an EV-D68 specific RT-PCR. Samples from 2016-2022 underwent routine diagnostics with the EV-D68 specific RT-PCR.

Results

Among the 22,911 samples tested, EV-D68 was detected in 338 samples (324 patients). Most EV-D68 cases occurred in August to December. The highest detection rate was recorded in 2014, 2016 and 2022 (6.0%, 7.8% and 6.6% of samples from August-December). Lower frequencies were observed in 2018 and 2019 (1.0% and 2.4%), and in the years before the 2014 outbreak (2012: 1.3%, 2013: 0.8%). Few cases were identified in 2020-2021. Children aged 0-1 years accounted for 40%, and 0-4 years for 78%, of the EV-D68 positive patients. Most of the patients with EV-D68 (83%) were hospitalised.

Discussion

Also in Norway, EV-D68 has caused outbreaks with significant disease burden, especially among the youngest children. The detection rate varies, with a trend towards biennial outbreaks, except for low numbers in 2018 and during the COVID-19 restrictions (2020-2021). Due to its potential for severe respiratory illness and significant neurological complications, conducting EV-D68 testing is essential both for diagnosing clinically suspected cases, and for monitoring the disease burden.

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2012-2022 年挪威儿科人群中出现的 D68 型肠道病毒
背景肠道病毒D68(EV-D68)主要引起呼吸道感染,偶尔表现为神经系统症状。方法对2012-2022年期间奥斯陆大学医院接收的14岁以下儿童的呼吸道样本进行了EV-D68检测。使用半特异性 RT-PCR 对 2012-2015 年的样本进行了回顾性筛查,并通过 EV-D68 特异性 RT-PCR 对阳性样本进行了确认。结果在检测的 22911 份样本中,有 338 份样本(324 名患者)检测到了 EV-D68。大多数 EV-D68 病例发生在 8 月至 12 月。2014 年、2016 年和 2022 年的检出率最高(占 8 月至 12 月样本的 6.0%、7.8% 和 6.6%)。2018 年和 2019 年(1.0% 和 2.4%)以及 2014 年疫情爆发前几年(2012 年:1.3%,2013 年:0.8%)的检出率较低。2020-2021 年发现的病例很少。在 EV-D68 阳性患者中,0-1 岁儿童占 40%,0-4 岁儿童占 78%。大多数EV-D68患者(83%)都住院治疗。除2018年和COVID-19限制期间(2020-2021年)发病率较低外,检出率各不相同,呈两年一爆发的趋势。由于 EV-D68 有可能导致严重的呼吸道疾病和重大的神经系统并发症,因此进行 EV-D68 检测对于诊断临床疑似病例和监测疾病负担都至关重要。
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