Development of nationally representative exposure factor database for children’s products in Korea

Abstract

Children may be exposed to harmful chemicals from their products. Accurate exposure factors are critical for exposure assessment of children’s products. Product usage pattern parameters are relatively limited compared with the chemical concentration, children’s physiological and behavioral parameters. The aim of this study was to determine nationally representative Korean exposure factors for the usage patterns of children’s products by sex, age, and season. Using proportional quota sampling, a survey of 10,000 households with children aged 0–12 years was conducted twice, once in summer and winter. The children’s ages were divided into four groups: infant (0–2 years old), toddler (3–6), lower-grade elementary student (7–9), and higher-grade elementary student (10–12). Data on exposure factors such as use rate, use frequency, and use duration of 57 children’s products were collected. The 57 products were classified into five categories: baby products (13), toys (12), daily products (10), sporting goods (8), and stationery (14). The use rates of products in the daily products and stationery category were >90% in both seasons. Two of the 57 products showed significant sex differences in all three exposure factors (p < 0.001). Twenty-five of the 44 non-baby products showed significant age differences for all three exposure factors. Twenty-three of the 57 products varied significantly with season for all three exposure factors.