Biochar-mediated remediation of uranium-contaminated soils: evidence, mechanisms, and perspectives

IF 13.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Biochar Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1007/s42773-024-00308-3

Fengyu Huang, Faqin Dong, Li Chen, Yi Zeng, Lei Zhou, Shiyong Sun, Zhe Wang, Jinlong Lai, Linchuan Fang

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Abstract

Soil contamination by uranium presents a burgeoning global environmental concern, exerting detrimental effects on both agricultural production and soil health. Biochar, a carbonaceous material derived from biomass pyrolysis, exhibits considerable potential for remediating uranium-contaminated soils. However, a comprehensive review of the effects of biochar on the fate and accumulation of uranium in soil–plant systems remains conspicuously absent. In this paper, uranium sources and contamination are reviewed, and the impact of biochar on uranium immobilization and detoxification in soil–plant systems is analyzed. We reviewed the status of uranium contamination in soils globally and found that mining activities are currently the main sources. Further meta-analysis revealed that biochar addition significantly reduced the soil uranium bioavailability and shoot uranium accumulation, and their effect value is 58.9% (40.8–76.8%) and 39.7% (15.7–63.8%), respectively. Additionally, biochar enhances the soil microenvironment, providing favourable conditions for promoting plant growth and reducing uranium mobility. We focused on the mechanisms governing the interaction between biochar and uranium, emphasising the considerable roles played by surface complexation, reduction, ion exchange, and physical adsorption. The modification of biochar by intensifying these mechanisms can promote uranium immobilisation in soils. Finally, biochar alleviates oxidative stress and reduces uranium accumulation in plant tissues, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of uranium on plant growth and development. Overall, our review highlights the capacity of biochar to remediate uranium contamination in soil–plant systems through diverse mechanisms, providing valuable insights for sustainable environmental remediation.

Highlights

Biochar reduces uranium mobility through a variety of mechanisms, including surface complexation, reduction, ion exchange, and physical adsorption.
Biochar significantly reduces uranium bioavailability in soil and limits its accumulation in plants.
Modified biochar has been shown to enhance its effectiveness in immobilising uranium.
Biochar application to soil not only promotes uranium remediation but also improves soil quality.

Graphical Abstract

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生物炭介导的铀污染土壤修复：证据、机制和前景

铀污染是一个日益严重的全球环境问题，对农业生产和土壤健康都造成了不利影响。生物炭是一种由生物质热解产生的碳质材料，在修复铀污染土壤方面具有相当大的潜力。然而，关于生物炭对铀在土壤-植物系统中的归宿和积累的影响的全面综述仍然明显缺乏。本文回顾了铀的来源和污染情况，分析了生物炭对铀在土壤-植物系统中固定和解毒的影响。我们回顾了全球土壤中铀污染的现状，发现采矿活动是目前铀污染的主要来源。进一步的荟萃分析表明，生物炭的添加能显著降低土壤中铀的生物利用率和芽的铀积累，其影响值分别为 58.9% (40.8-76.8%) 和 39.7% (15.7-63.8%)。此外，生物炭还能改善土壤微环境，为促进植物生长和减少铀迁移提供有利条件。我们重点研究了生物炭与铀的相互作用机制，强调了表面络合、还原、离子交换和物理吸附的重要作用。通过强化这些机制对生物炭进行改性，可以促进铀在土壤中的固定。最后，生物炭能减轻氧化压力，减少植物组织中的铀积累，从而减轻铀对植物生长和发育的不利影响。总之，我们的综述强调了生物炭通过多种机制修复土壤-植物系统中铀污染的能力，为可持续环境修复提供了有价值的见解。生物炭通过多种机制降低铀的流动性，包括表面络合、还原、离子交换和物理吸附。

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来源期刊

Biochar Multiple-

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biochar stands as a distinguished academic journal delving into multidisciplinary subjects such as agronomy, environmental science, and materials science. Its pages showcase innovative articles spanning the preparation and processing of biochar, exploring its diverse applications, including but not limited to bioenergy production, biochar-based materials for environmental use, soil enhancement, climate change mitigation, contaminated-environment remediation, water purification, new analytical techniques, life cycle assessment, and crucially, rural and regional development. Biochar publishes various article types, including reviews, original research, rapid reports, commentaries, and perspectives, with the overarching goal of reporting significant research achievements, critical reviews fostering a deeper mechanistic understanding of the science, and facilitating academic exchange to drive scientific and technological development.