{"title":"Differential leg and trunk operation during skipping without and with hurdles in bipedal Japanese macaque","authors":"Reinhard Blickhan, Emanuel Andrada, Eishi Hirasaki, Naomichi Ogihara","doi":"10.1002/jez.2803","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>When locomoting bipedally at higher speeds, macaques preferred unilateral skipping (galloping). The same skipping pattern was maintained while hurdling across two low obstacles at the distance of a stride within our experimental track. The present study investigated leg and trunk joint rotations and leg joint moments, with the aim of clarifying the differential leg and trunk operation during skipping in bipedal macaques. Especially at the hip, the range of joint rotation and extension at lift off was larger in the leading than in the trailing leg. The flexing knee absorbed energy and the extending ankle generated work during each step. The trunk showed only minor deviations from symmetry. Hurdling amplified the differences and notably resulted in a quasi-elastic use of the leading knee and in an asymmetric operation of the trunk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2803","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jez.2803","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ZOOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
When locomoting bipedally at higher speeds, macaques preferred unilateral skipping (galloping). The same skipping pattern was maintained while hurdling across two low obstacles at the distance of a stride within our experimental track. The present study investigated leg and trunk joint rotations and leg joint moments, with the aim of clarifying the differential leg and trunk operation during skipping in bipedal macaques. Especially at the hip, the range of joint rotation and extension at lift off was larger in the leading than in the trailing leg. The flexing knee absorbed energy and the extending ankle generated work during each step. The trunk showed only minor deviations from symmetry. Hurdling amplified the differences and notably resulted in a quasi-elastic use of the leading knee and in an asymmetric operation of the trunk.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Experimental Zoology – A publishes articles at the interface between Development, Physiology, Ecology and Evolution. Contributions that help to reveal how molecular, functional and ecological variation relate to one another are particularly welcome. The Journal publishes original research in the form of rapid communications or regular research articles, as well as perspectives and reviews on topics pertaining to the scope of the Journal. Acceptable articles are limited to studies on animals.