{"title":"Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders and Their Association With Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objective</h3><div>Diabetic ketoacidosis<span><span><span> (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are life-threatening conditions that send nearly 180,000 patients to the </span>intensive care unit each year, with </span>mortality rates up to 5–10%. Little is known about the impact of concurrent psychiatric disorders on specific DKA/HHS outcomes. Identifying these relationships offers opportunities to improve clinical management, treatment planning, and mitigate associated morbidity and mortality.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>We conducted a retrospective review including adult DKA/HHS admissions within a large Massachusetts hospital system from 2010 to 2019. We identified patients admitted inpatient for DKA or HHS, then filtered by International Classification of Disease-9-CM and International Classification of Disease-10-CM codes for psychiatric diagnoses<span> that were present in patients electronic medical record at any point in this observational period. Outcomes included the number of inpatient admissions for DKA/HHS, age of death, rates of discharging against medical advice (AMA) from any inpatient admission, and end-stage renal disease/dialysis status. Multivariate regression was conducted using R software to control for variables across patients and evaluate relationships between outcomes and concurrent psychiatric disorders. Significance was set at </span></span><em>P</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span><span>Seven thousand seven hundred fifty-six patients were admitted for DKA or HHS, 66.9% of whom had a concurrent psychiatric disorder. Of these patients, 54.5% were male, 70.4% were White, and they had an average age of 61.6 years. This compares with 26.1% with concurrent psychiatric condition within the general diabetes population, 52.1% of whom were male, 72.1% were White, and an average age of 68.2 years. A concurrent psychiatric disorder was associated with increased odds of </span>rehospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.62 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–1.95, </span><em>P</em> < 0.001), of being diagnosed with end-stage renal disease and on dialysis (aOR = 1.02 95% CI 1.002–1.035, <em>P</em> = 0.02), and of leaving AMA (aOR = 6.44 95% CI 4.46–9.63, <em>P</em> < 0.001). The average age of death for those with a concurrent psychiatric disorder had an adjusted mean difference in years of −7.5 years (95% CI −9.3 to 5.8) compared to those without a psychiatric disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Of patients with DKA/HHS, 66.9% have a concurrent psychiatric disorder. Patients with a concurrent psychiatric disorder admitted for DKA/HHS were more likely to have multiple admissions, to leave AMA, to be on renal dialysis, and to have a lower age of mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667296024000272","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background and Objective
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are life-threatening conditions that send nearly 180,000 patients to the intensive care unit each year, with mortality rates up to 5–10%. Little is known about the impact of concurrent psychiatric disorders on specific DKA/HHS outcomes. Identifying these relationships offers opportunities to improve clinical management, treatment planning, and mitigate associated morbidity and mortality.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective review including adult DKA/HHS admissions within a large Massachusetts hospital system from 2010 to 2019. We identified patients admitted inpatient for DKA or HHS, then filtered by International Classification of Disease-9-CM and International Classification of Disease-10-CM codes for psychiatric diagnoses that were present in patients electronic medical record at any point in this observational period. Outcomes included the number of inpatient admissions for DKA/HHS, age of death, rates of discharging against medical advice (AMA) from any inpatient admission, and end-stage renal disease/dialysis status. Multivariate regression was conducted using R software to control for variables across patients and evaluate relationships between outcomes and concurrent psychiatric disorders. Significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results
Seven thousand seven hundred fifty-six patients were admitted for DKA or HHS, 66.9% of whom had a concurrent psychiatric disorder. Of these patients, 54.5% were male, 70.4% were White, and they had an average age of 61.6 years. This compares with 26.1% with concurrent psychiatric condition within the general diabetes population, 52.1% of whom were male, 72.1% were White, and an average age of 68.2 years. A concurrent psychiatric disorder was associated with increased odds of rehospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.62 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–1.95, P < 0.001), of being diagnosed with end-stage renal disease and on dialysis (aOR = 1.02 95% CI 1.002–1.035, P = 0.02), and of leaving AMA (aOR = 6.44 95% CI 4.46–9.63, P < 0.001). The average age of death for those with a concurrent psychiatric disorder had an adjusted mean difference in years of −7.5 years (95% CI −9.3 to 5.8) compared to those without a psychiatric disorder.
Conclusions
Of patients with DKA/HHS, 66.9% have a concurrent psychiatric disorder. Patients with a concurrent psychiatric disorder admitted for DKA/HHS were more likely to have multiple admissions, to leave AMA, to be on renal dialysis, and to have a lower age of mortality.