An exploratory analysis of the structure of tetranychid and phytoseiid assemblages in walnut orchards in California

IF 1.8 2区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Experimental and Applied Acarology Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI:10.1007/s10493-024-00902-x

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Abstract

Spider mites were considered secondary pests of walnut production in California, under the control of phytoseiid predators. Due to increased importance as walnut pests in recent decades there is renewed interest in the structure and function of the associated phytoseiid assemblage. In this study we report the results from a 3 year survey of the tetranychid and phytoseiid assemblages in walnut orchards in the Central Valley of California. The survey was conducted to determine the range and dominance of web-spinning Tetranychus species present, to investigate the species richness and dominance of the phytoseiid species present, and to explore whether patterns of variation in the relative abundance of phytoseiid species could be explained by one or more explanatory variables. Tetranychus urticae was the dominant spider mite in all growing regions and years with T. pacificus and T. turkestani also present in orchards in the southern San Joaquin Valley. Phytoseiid species richness declined with latitude among the three walnut growing regions and of the 13 species found Amblyseius similoides, Euseius stipulatus, Galendromus occidentalis and Typhlodromus caudiglans were the most abundant and widespread species present. Mean proportional abundance significantly increased from early (mid May–July) to late (August–mid October) season and from southern to northern growing regions for Type II and IV predators, but significantly decreased from early to late season and from southern to northern growing regions for Type III predators. The mean proportional abundance of Type II predators, particularly G. occidentalis, significantly increased and that of Type III predators significantly decreased with mean Tetranychus density in individual orchards. The current survey provides a more in-depth analysis of mite assemblages in walnut orchards in California and can be used to better inform adaptive management strategies for integrated mite management in the future.

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加利福尼亚核桃园中四螨类和植物螨类群落结构的探索性分析

摘要蜘蛛螨被认为是加利福尼亚核桃生产中的次要害虫，受到植食性天敌的控制。由于近几十年来蜘蛛螨作为核桃害虫的重要性不断增加，人们对相关植食性螨类群的结构和功能重新产生了兴趣。在本研究中，我们报告了对加利福尼亚中央山谷核桃园中的四螨类和植毛虫群进行的为期 3 年的调查结果。调查的目的是确定存在的网刺四膜虫种类的范围和优势地位，研究存在的植毛虫种类的丰富程度和优势地位，并探讨植毛虫种类相对丰度的变化模式是否可以用一个或多个解释变量来解释。Tetranychus urticae 是所有种植地区和年份的主要蜘蛛螨，T. pacificus 和 T. turkestani 也出现在圣华金河谷南部的果园中。在三个核桃种植区，植毛螨的物种丰富度随纬度的变化而下降，在发现的 13 个物种中，Amblyseius similoides、Euseius stipulatus、Galendromus occidentalis 和 Typhlodromus caudiglans 是数量最多、分布最广的物种。第二类和第四类捕食者的平均丰度比例从早期（5 月中旬-7 月）到晚期（8 月-10 月中旬）以及从南部到北部生长区明显增加，但第三类捕食者的平均丰度比例从早期到晚期以及从南部到北部生长区明显减少。随着各个果园中平均哲罗鲑密度的增加，第二类捕食者（尤其是 G. occidentalis）的平均比例丰度明显增加，第三类捕食者的平均比例丰度明显减少。目前的调查对加利福尼亚核桃园中的螨虫群落进行了更深入的分析，可用于更好地指导未来螨虫综合治理的适应性管理策略。

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来源期刊

Experimental and Applied Acarology 生物-昆虫学

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Experimental and Applied Acarology publishes peer-reviewed original papers describing advances in basic and applied research on mites and ticks. Coverage encompasses all Acari, including those of environmental, agricultural, medical and veterinary importance, and all the ways in which they interact with other organisms (plants, arthropods and other animals). The subject matter draws upon a wide variety of disciplines, including evolutionary biology, ecology, epidemiology, physiology, biochemistry, toxicology, immunology, genetics, molecular biology and pest management sciences.