Validating the accuracy of real-time phase-contrast MRI and quantifying the effects of free breathing on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

IF 5.9 1区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Fluids and Barriers of the CNS Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI:10.1186/s12987-024-00520-0
Pan Liu, Kimi Owashi, Heimiri Monnier, Serge Metanbou, Cyrille Capel, Olivier Balédent
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Abstract

Understanding of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation is essential for physiological studies and clinical diagnosis. Real-time phase contrast sequences (RT-PC) can quantify beat-to-beat CSF flow signals. However, the detailed effects of free-breathing on CSF parameters are not fully understood. This study aims to validate RT-PC’s accuracy by comparing it with the conventional phase-contrast sequence (CINE-PC) and quantify the effect of free-breathing on CSF parameters at the intracranial and extracranial levels using a time-domain multiparametric analysis method. Thirty-six healthy participants underwent MRI in a 3T scanner for CSF oscillations quantification at the cervical spine (C2-C3) and Sylvian aqueduct, using CINE-PC and RT-PC. CINE-PC uses 32 velocity maps to represent dynamic CSF flow over an average cardiac cycle, while RT-PC continuously quantifies CSF flow over 45-seconds. Free-breathing signals were recorded from 25 participants. RT-PC signal was segmented into independent cardiac cycle flow curves (Qt) and reconstructed into an averaged Qt. To assess RT-PC’s accuracy, parameters such as segmented area, flow amplitude, and stroke volume (SV) of the reconstructed Qt from RT-PC were compared with those derived from the averaged Qt generated by CINE-PC. The breathing signal was used to categorize the Qt into expiratory or inspiratory phases, enabling the reconstruction of two Qt for inspiration and expiration. The breathing effects on various CSF parameters can be quantified by comparing these two reconstructed Qt. RT-PC overestimated CSF area (82.7% at aqueduct, 11.5% at C2-C3) compared to CINE-PC. Stroke volumes for CINE-PC were 615 mm³ (aqueduct) and 43 mm³ (spinal), and 581 mm³ (aqueduct) and 46 mm³ (spinal) for RT-PC. During thoracic pressure increase, spinal CSF net flow, flow amplitude, SV, and cardiac period increased by 6.3%, 6.8%, 14%, and 6%, respectively. Breathing effects on net flow showed a significant phase difference compared to the other parameters. Aqueduct-CSF flows were more affected by breathing than spinal-CSF. RT-PC accurately quantifies CSF oscillations in real-time and eliminates the need for cardiac synchronization, enabling the quantification of the cardiac and breathing components of CSF flow. This study quantifies the impact of free-breathing on CSF parameters, offering valuable physiological references for understanding the effects of breathing on CSF dynamics.
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验证实时相位对比 MRI 的准确性并量化自由呼吸对脑脊液动力学的影响
了解脑脊液(CSF)循环对生理研究和临床诊断至关重要。实时相衬序列(RT-PC)可以量化逐次搏动的脑脊液流动信号。然而,自由呼吸对 CSF 参数的详细影响还不完全清楚。本研究旨在通过与传统相位对比序列(CINE-PC)的比较验证 RT-PC 的准确性,并采用时域多参数分析方法量化自由呼吸对颅内和颅外 CSF 参数的影响。36名健康参与者在3T扫描仪上进行了磁共振成像,利用CINE-PC和RT-PC对颈椎(C2-C3)和Sylvian导水管的CSF振荡进行了量化。CINE-PC 使用 32 张速度图来表示平均一个心动周期内的动态 CSF 流量,而 RT-PC 则连续量化 45 秒内的 CSF 流量。对 25 名参与者的自由呼吸信号进行了记录。RT-PC 信号被分割成独立的心动周期血流曲线(Qt),并重建成平均 Qt。为了评估 RT-PC 的准确性,将 RT-PC 重建的 Qt 的分段面积、流量振幅和每搏容量(SV)等参数与 CINE-PC 生成的平均 Qt 得出的参数进行了比较。呼吸信号被用来将 Qt 分为呼气或吸气阶段,从而能够重建吸气和呼气的两个 Qt。通过比较这两个重建的 Qt,可以量化呼吸对 CSF 各项参数的影响。与 CINE-PC 相比,RT-PC 高估了 CSF 面积(导水管为 82.7%,C2-C3 为 11.5%)。CINE-PC的脑卒中容量为615立方毫米(导水管)和43立方毫米(脊柱),RT-PC为581立方毫米(导水管)和46立方毫米(脊柱)。在胸压增加时,脊髓 CSF 净流量、流量振幅、SV 和心动周期分别增加了 6.3%、6.8%、14% 和 6%。与其他参数相比,呼吸对净血流的影响存在明显的相位差。导水管-CSF 流量受呼吸的影响比脊髓-CSF 更大。RT-PC 可实时准确地量化 CSF 振荡,无需进行心脏同步,从而可量化 CSF 流量的心脏和呼吸成分。这项研究量化了自由呼吸对 CSF 参数的影响,为了解呼吸对 CSF 动态的影响提供了有价值的生理参考。
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来源期刊
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS Neuroscience-Developmental Neuroscience
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
8.20%
发文量
94
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: "Fluids and Barriers of the CNS" is a scholarly open access journal that specializes in the intricate world of the central nervous system's fluids and barriers, which are pivotal for the health and well-being of the human body. This journal is a peer-reviewed platform that welcomes research manuscripts exploring the full spectrum of CNS fluids and barriers, with a particular focus on their roles in both health and disease. At the heart of this journal's interest is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a vital fluid that circulates within the brain and spinal cord, playing a multifaceted role in the normal functioning of the brain and in various neurological conditions. The journal delves into the composition, circulation, and absorption of CSF, as well as its relationship with the parenchymal interstitial fluid and the neurovascular unit at the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
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