Harnessing natural killer cells to target HIV-1 persistence.

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI:10.1097/COH.0000000000000848
Vinita R Joshi, Marcus Altfeld
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Abstract

Purpose of review: The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the role of natural killer (NK) cells in approaches aimed at reducing the latent HIV-1 reservoir.

Recent findings: Multiple approaches to eliminate cells harboring latent HIV-1 are being explored, but have been met with limited success so far. Recent studies have highlighted the role of NK cells and their potential in HIV-1 cure efforts. Anti-HIV-1 NK cell function can be optimized by enhancing NK cell activation, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, reversing inhibition of NK cells as well as by employing immunotherapeutic complexes to enable HIV-1 specificity of NK cells. While NK cells alone do not eliminate the HIV-1 reservoir, boosting NK cell function might complement other strategies involving T cell and B cell immunity towards an HIV-1 functional cure.

Summary: Numerous studies focusing on targeting latently HIV-1-infected cells have emphasized a potential role of NK cells in these strategies. Our review highlights recent advances in harnessing NK cells in conjunction with latency reversal agents and other immunomodulatory therapeutics to target HIV-1 persistence.

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利用自然杀伤细胞遏制 HIV-1 的持续存在。
综述目的:本文旨在回顾自然杀伤(NK)细胞在减少潜伏 HIV-1 病毒库的方法中所起作用的最新进展:目前正在探索多种方法来消除潜伏 HIV-1 的细胞,但迄今为止取得的成功有限。最近的研究强调了 NK 细胞的作用及其在治愈 HIV-1 方面的潜力。通过增强 NK 细胞活化、抗体依赖性细胞毒性、逆转对 NK 细胞的抑制以及使用免疫治疗复合物使 NK 细胞具有 HIV-1 特异性,可以优化 NK 细胞的抗 HIV-1 功能。虽然单靠 NK 细胞并不能消除 HIV-1 病毒库,但增强 NK 细胞的功能可能会补充其他涉及 T 细胞和 B 细胞免疫的策略,从而实现 HIV-1 功能性治愈。摘要:许多针对潜伏 HIV-1 感染细胞的研究都强调了 NK 细胞在这些策略中的潜在作用。我们的综述重点介绍了最近在利用 NK 细胞与潜伏逆转剂及其他免疫调节疗法共同针对 HIV-1 持续感染方面取得的进展。
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