Genome Stability of Bacillus velezensis after Two-Year Exposure in Open Space

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI:10.1134/s0026893324010023

S. V. Fialkina, E. A. Deshevaya, A. L. Rakitin, O. I. Orlov

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Abstract—Spore-forming bacteria have a unique resistance to negative environmental conditions, including aggressive space factors, and are an excellent model for studying adaptation mechanisms and survival strategies at the molecular level. The study analyzed the genome of Bacillus velezensis, which remained viable after a 2-year exposure in outer space on the outer surface of the ISS as part of the Test space experiment. A comparative analysis of the draft genomes of the exhibit strain and the ground control did not reveal significant changes; the average nucleotide identity was 99.98%, which indicates the ability of microorganisms to maintain genome stability in space conditions, due to both increased stress resistance of bacterial spores and efficient operation of the system of repair of accumulated changes. The study of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the genome of B. velezensis revealed nine point substitutions, three of which are in intergenic regions, six in protein-coding genes, three of them are missense mutations, two nucleotide deletions leading to a shift in the reading frame, and one synonymous substitution. The profiles of the housekeeping genes were determined during MLST typing and it was found that the allelic profiles obtained for B. velezensis T15.2 and 924 strains do not correspond to any of the previously described sequence types.The presented results indicate the ability of B. velezensis bacteria to maintain the viability of spores and the integrity of the genome for a long time under extreme conditions of outer space, which is important for the problem of planetary protection, as well as the potential possibility of performing biotechnological processes based on B. velezensis during space exploration.

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露天暴露两年后 Velezensis 杆菌基因组的稳定性

摘要--芽孢杆菌对包括侵袭性空间因素在内的不利环境条件具有独特的抵抗力，是在分子水平上研究适应机制和生存策略的极佳模型。该研究分析了在国际空间站外表面暴露于外太空两年后仍然存活的韦氏芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）的基因组，这是测试空间实验的一部分。对展品菌株和地面对照的基因组草案进行的比较分析没有发现明显的变化；核苷酸的平均同一性为 99.98%，这表明微生物有能力在太空条件下保持基因组的稳定性，原因是细菌孢子的抗应激能力增强以及修复累积变化的系统有效运作。对 B. velezensis 基因组单核苷酸多态性的研究发现了 9 个点置换，其中 3 个位于基因间区，6 个位于蛋白质编码基因，其中 3 个为错义突变，2 个核苷酸缺失导致阅读框移动，1 个同义置换。在 MLST 分型过程中确定了看家基因的轮廓，结果发现 B. velezensis T15.2 和 924 菌株的等位基因轮廓与之前描述的任何序列类型都不一致。这些结果表明，B. velezensis 细菌能够在外层空间的极端条件下长期保持孢子的活力和基因组的完整性，这对于行星保护问题以及在空间探索期间利用 B. velezensis 进行生物技术处理的潜在可能性非常重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

1.30

自引率

8.30%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Biology is an international peer reviewed journal that covers a wide scope of problems in molecular, cell and computational biology including genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, molecular virology and immunology, molecular development biology, molecular evolution and related areals. Molecular Biology publishes reviews, experimental and theoretical works. Every year, the journal publishes special issues devoted to most rapidly developing branches of physical-chemical biology and to the most outstanding scientists.