Epidemiological Characteristics of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System Including Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Relevance. Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system and multiple sclerosis, in particular, make their debut at a young age and can lead to profound disability and death within a few years. In the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of cases of demyelinating diseases in Russia and in the world, which necessitates an in-depth study of these pathologies. Goal. To study the dynamics and features of the formation of morbidity, prevalence and mortality from demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis in various population groups in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The study design is a descriptive retrospective epidemiological study (continuous). The data was sampled from the forms of the federal state statistical observation on the distribution of the deceased by gender, age groups and causes of death of Rosstat (FSN S-51), as well as from the statistical collections of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "Morbidity of the population" from 2009 to 2021. Results. The analysis of the data showed that in 2009-2021 in Russia there was an increase in idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) among the adult population and adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. There is no tendency to increase or decrease the incidence among children under 14 years of age. The highest average long–term incidence rates of IDD and MS among adults are observed in the Ufa region (7.13 ± 0.27 and 5.31 ± 0.23 per 100 thousand adults, respectively), among children under 14 - IDD in the Central Federal District (1.88 ± 0.18 per 100 thousand contingent) and MS in the Central Federal District and Volga Federal District (0.22 ± 0.07 per 100 thousand contingent). Among children from 15 to 17 years of age, the highest incidence of IDD is noted in the Northwestern Federal District (4.41 ± 1.10 per 100 thousand contingent) and the Ural Federal District (4.40 ± 1.09 per 100 thousand contingent), RS – in the Central Federal District (2.67 ± 0.51 per 100 thousand contingent). IDD and MS are the least common among all age groups in the Far Eastern Federal District. Over the period from 2000 to 2020, there has been a decrease in MS mortality in the Russian Federation by 34%, from 0.72 to 0.48 per 100,000 population. The average annual mortality rate from MS among men was 0.4 ± 0.021 cases per 100 thousand of the contingent, among women 0.5 ± 0.023 cases per 100 thousand of the contingent. Conclusion. The increase in the incidence of demyelinating diseases and MS, in particular, is an important medical and social problem. These pathologies significantly reduce the quality of life and shorten the duration of work, due to the development of persistent disability in the young population. The study showed the uneven distribution of the disease across the territories of the Russian Federation, which in the future will improve the logistics of drug delivery and the provision of medical personnel, which confirms the relevance of constant and in-depth study of the epidemiology of idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases in Russia.