Prevalence of diverse antimicrobial resistance genes and bacteria in sewage treatment plant-derived sludge environment.

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-02-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/femsmc/xtae004
Mrinmoy Patra, Bhavana Pandey, Suresh Kumar Dubey
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contamination in the environment is one of the most significant worldwide threats of the 21st century. Since sludge is heavily exposed to diverse contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, the inhabitant bacterial population is expected to exhibit resistance to antimicrobial agents. In this study, sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge samples were analyzed to assess the antibiotic-resistant bacterial population, abundance of AMR genes (ermF, qnrS, Sul1, blaGES, blaCTX-M, and blaNDM), and mobile genetic elements (intl1 and IS26). Out of 16, six bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to 13 antibiotics with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) (0.93) and high metal tolerance. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed the abundance of target genes ranging from 6.6 × 103 to 6.5 × 108 copies g-1 sludge. The overall outcome reveals that STP sludge comprised varied multidrug-resistant bacterial populations. It will give insights into the functions of heavy metals and biofilm development in the selection and spread of AMR genes and the associated bacteria. Therefore, the application of sludge needs proper screening for AMR and metal contamination prior to its countless applications. This study will contribute immensely to the risk analysis of STP effluents on environmental health, including control of AMR transmission.

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污水处理厂污泥环境中各种抗菌药耐药性基因和细菌的流行情况。
环境中的抗菌剂耐药性(AMR)污染是 21 世纪全球最重大的威胁之一。由于污泥大量暴露于包括药物在内的各种污染物中,因此预计污泥中的细菌种群会表现出对抗菌剂的耐药性。本研究对污水处理厂(STP)污泥样本进行了分析,以评估抗生素耐药细菌的数量、AMR 基因(ermF、qnrS、Sul1、blaGES、blaCTX-M 和 blaNDM)以及移动遗传因子(intl1 和 IS26)的丰度。在 16 个细菌分离物中,有 6 个细菌对 13 种抗生素具有耐药性,多重抗生素耐药性指数(MARI)高达 0.93,并具有较强的金属耐受性。定量聚合酶链反应显示,目标基因的丰度范围为 6.6 × 103 至 6.5 × 108 拷贝 g-1 污泥。总体结果表明,污泥处理厂污泥中含有多种耐多药细菌种群。这将有助于深入了解重金属和生物膜发展在选择和传播 AMR 基因及相关细菌方面的功能。因此,污泥的应用需要在无数次应用之前进行适当的 AMR 和金属污染筛查。这项研究将为污水处理厂污水对环境健康的风险分析做出巨大贡献,包括控制 AMR 的传播。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
0.00%
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0
审稿时长
15 weeks
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