The provision of water and shade but not soil amendments in degraded habitats increases the seedling survival of woody species in restoration processes of the Chilean sclerophyllous forest

IF 2.1 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Trees Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI:10.1007/s00468-024-02500-1

Pablo I. Becerra, Eduardo C. Arellano, Alberto Vilagrosa, Gabriel Hernández, César Figueroa

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Key message

Using artificial shading in reforested seedlings is recommended for different species, irrigation levels and soil treatments in semiarid ecosystems, but the application of pork sludge and horse guano are ineffective.

Abstract

Application of irrigation, artificial shade and soil amendments can increase the survival of seedlings in plant restoration processes of semiarid ecosystems, however, the effects of shade and soil amendment could occur only without or with low levels of irrigation. In this study, we tested these hypotheses in four woody species (Quillaja saponaria, Lithrea caustica, Schinus polygamus, and Colliguaja odorifera) from the Mediterranean-type climate region of Chile. By mean a factorial experiment, we evaluated different irrigation frequencies (1 L/week and 1 L/2 weeks during the five driest months, no irrigation), artificial shade types (polypropylene shelter, black mesh, deep hole, and no shade) and soil amendment types (natural soil, pork sludge, and horse guano). In 2014, a total of 720 plants per species were planted at each of two sites located in a pre-Andean and a coastal area, and monitored until September 2016. The effect of the type of artificial shade did not depend on the level of irrigation. All shade treatments produced positive effects on the survival of all the species, but the mesh and polypropylene shelter had a greater positive impact than planting in a deep hole. Irrigation treatments increased the survival of all species, although the effect of the highest frequency depended on the site and species. The soil amendment treatments did not have significant positive effects under any condition. In conclusion, the use of artificial shading may be recommended for different species, sites, irrigation and soil treatments in semiarid ecosystems, although the type of shade may depend on the species.

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在智利硬叶林的恢复过程中，在退化的生境中提供水和遮荫物，而不是土壤改良剂，可以提高木本物种幼苗的存活率

摘要在半干旱生态系统的植物恢复过程中，灌溉、人工遮荫和土壤改良剂的应用可提高幼苗的存活率，但只有在没有灌溉或灌溉水平较低的情况下，遮荫和土壤改良剂的效果才会显现。在这项研究中，我们对智利地中海气候区的四种木本植物（Quillaja saponaria、Lithrea caustica、Schinus polygamus 和 Colliguaja odorifera）进行了上述假设检验。通过因子实验，我们评估了不同的灌溉频率（1 升/周和在最干旱的五个月中 1 升/2 周，无灌溉）、人工遮荫类型（聚丙烯棚、黑网、深洞和无遮荫）和土壤改良类型（天然土壤、猪肉污泥和鸟粪）。2014 年，在位于前安第斯山区和沿海地区的两个地点各种植了 720 株植物，并监测至 2016 年 9 月。人工遮荫类型的效果与灌溉水平无关。所有遮荫处理都对所有物种的存活率产生了积极影响，但与深坑种植相比，网状和聚丙烯遮蔽物的积极影响更大。灌溉处理提高了所有物种的存活率，但最高灌溉频率的效果取决于种植地点和物种。土壤改良处理在任何条件下都没有显著的积极影响。总之，对于半干旱生态系统中的不同物种、地点、灌溉和土壤处理，可以建议使用人工遮荫，但遮荫类型可能取决于物种。

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来源期刊

Trees 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

113

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Trees - Structure and Function publishes original articles on the physiology, biochemistry, functional anatomy, structure and ecology of trees and other woody plants. Also presented are articles concerned with pathology and technological problems, when they contribute to the basic understanding of structure and function of trees. In addition to original articles and short communications, the journal publishes reviews on selected topics concerning the structure and function of trees.