Efficacy and Safety of Rilzabrutinib in Pemphigus: PEGASUS Phase 3 Randomized Study

Abstract

Trial design

Pemphigus is a rare but life-threatening autoimmune disease requiring long-term treatment that minimizes corticosteroid (CS) exposure while providing consistent disease control. The phase 2 pemphigus study of oral, reversible, covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor rilzabrutinib demonstrated rapid and sustained efficacy with well-tolerated safety.

Methods

Adults (aged 18–80 years) were randomized 1:1 to 400 mg rilzabrutinib (n = 65) or placebo (n = 66) twice daily (with CS ≤ 0.5 mg/kg/d) for 37 weeks in the phase 3 PEGASUS study in moderate-to-severe pemphigus vulgaris/pemphigus foliaceus.

Results

The primary endpoint of complete remission from week 29 to week 37 with the amended endpoint CS dose ≤10 mg/d was not significant for 13 of 54 (24%) rilzabrutinib versus 10 of 55 (18%) placebo patients with PV (P = .45). Secondary endpoints showed numerical but nonsignificant improvements with rilzabrutinib (vs placebo) in reduced CS use, prolonged complete remission duration, and faster time to first complete remission.

Conclusions

Overall, rilzabrutinib was well-tolerated, with similar adverse events reported in both groups. Using minimal CS dose ≤10 mg/d and excluding remote observations, the primary efficacy endpoint was not met. However, results from a prespecified sensitivity analysis using CS dose ≤5 mg/d, considering all observations, and including all patients support Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition as a viable therapeutic approach for pemphigus.