Net Primary Production of Steppe Ecosystems and the Reasons Underlying Its Spatial Variation

IF 1.4 4区农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Eurasian Soil Science Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI:10.1134/s1064229323603141

A. A. Titlyanova, E. K. Vishnyakova, E. N. Smolentseva

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Abstract

The changes in net primary production—aboveground (ANP), belowground (BNP), and total (NPP)—are considered for meadow, true, and dry steppes. The investigated meadow and true steppes are found between 36° and 116° E, 47° and 56° N. In Tyva, the production of dry steppes has been determined for different landscape positions: from the mountaintop to the bottom of intermontane depression. The ANP value in meadow steppes changes eastward from 10.2 to 3.1 t/ha per year; in true steppes, from 5.8 to 0.7 t/ha per year and depends on many factors, such as air temperature, precipitation, and soil properties. The latter are controlled by a set of factors, including the topographic position of ecosystem, which determines different soil moistening. The general trend of the eastward decrease in the ANP value is often disturbed both in meadow steppes and true steppes. In some cases, ANP increases rather than decreases in a series of meadow steppes, which is explained by certain changes in soil conditions. The first increase in ANP from 4.8 (63° E) to 6.1 (73° E) t/ha per year occurs with the replacement of Luvic Chernozem (Loamic) by Inclinigleyic Chernozem (Loamic) resulting from additional soil moistening. The second increase from 3.6 (75° E) to 6.6 (90° E) t/ha per year is related to the change from Tonguic Chernozem (Siltic) to Haplic Chernozem (Siltic, Pachic). Three increases in ANP are observed in true steppes, namely, when (1) Skeletic Kastanozem (Siltic) is replaced by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic); (2) Haplic Solonetz (Loamic), by Calcic Chernozem (Loamic); and (3) Mollic Leptosol (Siltic), by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic). The BNP value in the upper 30‑cm-thick soil layer of meadow and true steppes generally decreases eastward from 26.8 to 7.7 t/ha per year without any evident regular pattern. In Tyva with its different relief, the ANP of dry steppes varies from 3.7 to 1.7 t/ha per year and BNP, from 27.0 to 8.7 t/ha per year. Consequently, not only air temperature and precipitation determine the ANP value in grass ecosystems but also the soil properties, such as soil structure, C_org content, nutrients, and water availability.

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草原生态系统的净初级生产力及其空间差异的原因

摘要研究了草甸、真草原和干草原的净初级生产力--地上（ANP）、地下（BNP）和总（NPP）--的变化。所调查的草甸草原和真草原位于东经 36° 至 116°、北纬 47° 至 56°之间。在蒂瓦，干旱草原的产量是根据不同的地貌位置确定的：从山顶到山间洼地底部。草甸草原的 ANP 值从每年 10.2 吨/公顷向东变化到 3.1 吨/公顷；真正草原的 ANP 值从每年 5.8 吨/公顷变化到 0.7 吨/公顷，并取决于许多因素，如气温、降水和土壤特性。后者受一系列因素的控制，包括生态系统的地形位置，这决定了不同的土壤湿度。在草甸草原和真正的大草原上，ANP 值向东递减的总体趋势经常受到干扰。在某些情况下，一系列草甸草原的 ANP 值不降反升，这是因为土壤条件发生了某些变化。由于土壤湿润度增加，Luvic Chernozem（Loamic）被 Inclinigleyic Chernozem（Loamic）取代，ANP 第一次从每年 4.8 吨/公顷（东经 63°）增加到 6.1 吨/公顷（东经 73°）。第二次从每年 3.6 吨/公顷（东经 75°）增加到 6.6 吨/公顷（东经 90°），与从通古伊克夏诺泽姆（硅质）到哈普利克夏诺泽姆（硅质、帕奇）的变化有关。在真正的大草原上，可以观察到 ANP 的三种增加情况，即：(1) 骨质 Kastanozem（硅质）被钙质 Chernozem（硅质）取代；(2) Haplic Solonetz（松散型）被钙质 Chernozem（松散型）取代；(3) Mollic Leptosol（硅质）被钙质 Chernozem（硅质）取代。草甸和真正的大草原上层 30 厘米厚土壤的 BNP 值一般向东递减，从每年 26.8 吨/公顷降至 7.7 吨/公顷，没有明显的规律性。在地势不同的蒂瓦地区，干草原的 ANP 值每年从 3.7 吨/公顷到 1.7 吨/公顷不等，BNP 值每年从 27.0 吨/公顷到 8.7 吨/公顷不等。因此，决定草地生态系统 ANP 值的不仅有气温和降水，还有土壤特性，如土壤结构、Corg 含量、养分和水分供应。

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来源期刊

Eurasian Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

35.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Eurasian Soil Science publishes original research papers on global and regional studies discussing both theoretical and experimental problems of genesis, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, fertility, management, conservation, and remediation of soils. Special sections are devoted to current news in the life of the International and Russian soil science societies and to the history of soil sciences. Since 2000, the journal Agricultural Chemistry, the English version of the journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences Agrokhimiya, has been merged into the journal Eurasian Soil Science and is no longer published as a separate title.