Singleton-based species names and fungal rarity: Does the number really matter?

IF 5.2 1区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Ima Fungus Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI:10.1186/s43008-023-00137-2
Jonathan Cazabonne, Allison K. Walker, Jonathan Lesven, Danny Haelewaters
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Abstract

Fungi are among the least known organisms on earth, with an estimated number of species between 1.5 and 10 million. This number is expected to be refined, especially with increasing knowledge about microfungi in undersampled habitats and increasing amounts of data derived from environmental DNA sequencing. A significant proportion of newly generated sequences fail to match with already named species, and thus represent what has been referred to as fungal “dark taxa”. Due to the challenges associated with observing, identifying, and preserving sporophores, many macro- and microfungal species are only known from a single collection, specimen, isolate, and/or sequence—a singleton. Mycologists are consequently used to working with “rare” sequences and specimens. However, rarity and singleton phenomena lack consideration and valorization in fungal studies. In particular, the practice of publishing new fungal species names based on a single specimen remains a cause of debate. Here, we provide some elements of reflection on this issue in the light of the specificities of the fungal kingdom and global change context. If multiple independent sources of data support the existence of a new taxon, we encourage mycologists to proceed with formal description, irrespective of the number of specimens at hand. Although the description of singleton-based species may not be considered best practice, it does represent responsible science in the light of closing the Linnean biodiversity shortfall.
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基于单子的物种名称和真菌稀有性:数量真的重要吗?
真菌是地球上已知最少的生物之一,估计物种数量在 150 万到 1000 万之间。预计这一数字还将进一步细化,特别是随着人们对取样不足的栖息地中的微真菌的了解越来越多,以及从环境 DNA 测序中获得的数据量越来越大。新产生的序列中有很大一部分无法与已命名的物种相匹配,因此被称为真菌 "暗类群"。由于在观察、鉴定和保存孢子囊方面存在挑战,许多大型和微型真菌物种只能从单一的采集物、标本、分离物和/或序列中获知--即单个物种。因此,真菌学家习惯于使用 "稀有 "序列和标本。然而,真菌研究中缺乏对稀有性和单子现象的考虑和重视。尤其是根据单一标本公布真菌新物种名称的做法仍然引起争论。在此,我们从真菌王国的特殊性和全球变化的背景出发,对这一问题进行了一些思考。如果有多个独立的数据来源支持一个新分类群的存在,我们鼓励真菌学家进行正式描述,无论手头的标本数量有多少。尽管对单个物种的描述可能不被认为是最佳做法,但从弥补林奈生物多样性不足的角度来看,这确实是一门负责任的科学。
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来源期刊
Ima Fungus
Ima Fungus Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
3.70%
发文量
18
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: The flagship journal of the International Mycological Association. IMA Fungus is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access, full colour, fast-track journal. Papers on any aspect of mycology are considered, and published on-line with final pagination after proofs have been corrected; they are then effectively published under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The journal strongly supports good practice policies, and requires voucher specimens or cultures to be deposited in a public collection with an online database, DNA sequences in GenBank, alignments in TreeBASE, and validating information on new scientific names, including typifications, to be lodged in MycoBank. News, meeting reports, personalia, research news, correspondence, book news, and information on forthcoming international meetings are included in each issue
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