Regional Peculiarities of the Prevalence of Polymorphisms in the Genes Involved in the Regulation of Arterial Pressure in Northern Residents of Magadan Oblast

Abstract

Introduction. The North is a territory affected by a combination of extreme environmental factors that are stressful for all human functional systems. Most researchers come to the conclusion of a hypertensive effect of the climatic and geographical conditions of the North on the human organism. Arterial hypertension is the most common cause of a decrease in the quality of life, disability at a young age, and mortality in northern residents. Therefore, the studies aimed at investigating the epidemiology of the genes that increase the risk of developing arterial hypertension in the territory of the circumpolar zone are especially relevant. Aim. The aim of our study was to study the regional peculiarities of the prevalence of polymorphisms in the genes AGT (rs4762), AGTR1 (rs5186), ADD1 (rs4961), and NOS3 (rs2070744) involved in the regulation of arterial pressure in northern residents of Magadan oblast. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional, simultaneous study was carried out in the sample of 101 unrelated, almost healthy northern men of Magadan oblast (mainly Europeans) living or born in this territory. The mean age of the subjects was 46.12 ± 1.5 years. Genotyping of polymorphic candidate genes for arterial hypertension was performed using a polymerase chain reaction method. The frequencies of the phenotypes, genes, observed and expected heterozygosity, and genetic distances between different populations were calculated; the matrices of genetic distances were used for a cluster analysis. Results. It was established that the frequencies of the alleles that increase the risk of arterial hypertension were 0.1337 (AGT*T), 0.3564 (NOS3*C), 0.2550 (AGTR1*C), and 0.1832 (ADD1*T). Conclusions. A trend of low frequencies of the candidate genes for arterial hypertension is a regional peculiarity of the genetic profile of the population of northern residents of Magadan oblast. Therefore, when compiling prognostic health cards taking into account an ethno-territorial specificity in the territory of Magadan oblast, it is necessary to take into account not only the genetic risk factors for arterial hypertension, but also the timely lifestyle correction, prescription of preventive measures to prevent the development of arterial hypertension in young age.