Finite Element Model for the Interaction of Liquid Metals with Reactor Steel

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI:10.1134/S1061933X23601154

O. A. Chikova, V. S. Wang, S. L. Li

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Abstract

The article discusses a model of the interaction between a liquid−metal coolant (Pb, Pb55Bi(e)) and a heat exchanger material (316L steel) in an SVBR-type nuclear reactor cooling device for the case in which the effect of liquid-metal embrittlement cannot be ignored. It is assumed that a crack propagates due to the penetration of the liquid-metal coolant into intergrain boundaries. The free energy of a wetted surface is calculated using the mean-field theory within the formalism of finite element analysis. Tensile stress S (MPa) is determined for the propagation of a crack 50 µm long from a defect in the form of a 0.15-mm scratch on the surface of the heat exchanger. The calculation is carried out for an operation temperature range of 900–1100 K, when the melt wets the steel. The values of \(S = 253{\kern 1pt} -{\kern 1pt} 358\) and \(210{\kern 1pt} -{\kern 1pt} 369\,\,~{\text{MPa}}\) have been obtained for the interaction of Pb55Bi melts and Pb with 316L steel, respectively. The calculation results mean that a heat exchanger with surface defects can be damaged due to the effect of liquid-metal embrittlement.

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液体金属与反应堆钢相互作用的有限元模型

摘要--文章讨论了 SVBR 型核反应堆冷却装置中液态金属冷却剂（铅、Pb55Bi(e)）与热交换器材料（316L 钢）之间的相互作用模型，该模型适用于不能忽略液态金属脆性影响的情况。假定裂纹的扩展是由于液态金属冷却剂渗入晶粒间边界。润湿表面的自由能是在有限元分析的形式中利用平均场理论计算得出的。拉伸应力 S (MPa) 是根据热交换器表面 0.15 毫米划痕形式的缺陷产生的 50 微米长裂纹的扩展情况确定的。计算是在 900-1100 K 的工作温度范围内进行的，此时熔体会润湿钢材。分别得到了 Pb55Bi 熔体和 Pb 与 316L 钢相互作用的 \(S = 253{\kern 1pt} -{\kern 1pt} 358\) 和 \(210{\kern 1pt} -{\kern 1pt} 369\,\,~{\text{MPa}}\) 值。计算结果表明，存在表面缺陷的热交换器会因液态金属脆化效应而损坏。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.