[RAST, Inmunoblot, Immunocap and ISAC in food allergy].

Abstract

skin tests; Sensitization; IgE-mediated allergy; allergenic extract. After the discovery of IgE, technological advances have provided new laboratory tools for the quantification of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in serum and on the surface of basophils-mast cells. In vitro testing offers numerous advantages: accurate quantitation, lack of drug interference, safety, and long-term storage of samples. Quantitative immunoassays for IgE antibodies can be an adjunct to skin testing. The allergen reagent in solid phase (allergosorbent) or liquid is the main component of the assay that confers specificity to the IgE antibody test. It is the most complex and highly variable reagent in IgE antibody assays. The choice to use diagnostic recombinants on a single rather than multiple platforms is made on a case-by-case basis (considering prior history and clinical profile) and in an allergen-dependent manner. Although most food allergies are limited to a small number of possible triggers, these foods are very complex when evaluating their allergenic potential. The possibility of fractionating the allergen and understanding some of its components as potentially important to define the risk of clinical reaction, cross-reactivity, or persistence of allergy, opened a new era in the field of allergy, called molecular allergy. The identification of the allergenic component responsible for the reactions is an important tool to confirm the information and severity of the symptoms, natural history of the disease, possibility of cross-reactivity and clinical symptoms (allergy markers).