CAR designs for solid tumors: overcoming hurdles and paving the way for effective immunotherapy.

Yuanbin Cui, Mintao Luo, Chuanyuan Gu, Yuxian He, Yao Yao, Peng Li
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Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy by modifying patients' immune cells genetically. By expressing CARs, these modified cells can specifically identify and eliminate tumor cells. The success of CAR-T therapy in hematological malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma, has been remarkable. Numerous studies have reported improved patient outcomes and increased survival rates. However, the application of CAR-T therapy in treating solid tumors faces significant challenges. Solid tumors possess complex microenvironments containing stromal cells, extracellular matrix components, and blood vessels. These factors can impede the infiltration and persistence of CAR-T cells within the tumor. Additionally, the lack of target antigens exclusively expressed on tumor cells raises concerns about off-target effects and potential toxicity. This review aims to discuss advancements achieved by CAR-T therapy in solid tumors and the clinical outcomes in the realm of solid tumors.

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用于实体瘤的 CAR 设计:克服障碍,为有效的免疫疗法铺平道路。
嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞(CAR-T)疗法通过对患者的免疫细胞进行基因修饰,彻底改变了免疫疗法。通过表达 CAR,这些经过修饰的细胞可以特异性地识别并消灭肿瘤细胞。CAR-T 疗法在血液恶性肿瘤(如白血病和淋巴瘤)中取得了显著的成功。大量研究报告显示,患者的预后得到了改善,生存率得到了提高。然而,应用 CAR-T 疗法治疗实体瘤面临着巨大挑战。实体瘤具有复杂的微环境,包含基质细胞、细胞外基质成分和血管。这些因素会阻碍 CAR-T 细胞在肿瘤内的浸润和持续存在。此外,由于肿瘤细胞缺乏专门表达的靶抗原,人们担心会产生脱靶效应和潜在毒性。本综述旨在讨论 CAR-T 疗法在实体瘤领域取得的进展和临床结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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