Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Governing Adipogenic Differentiation

IF 0.5 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Russian Journal of Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI:10.1134/s1062360423070068
V. Y. Sysoeva, M. A. Lazarev, K. Y. Kulebyakin, E. V. Semina, K. A. Rubina
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Abstract

Adipose tissue is a special type of connective tissue that comprises stromal-vascular cells, committed preadipocytes, and mature adipocytes. Adipose tissue exhibits high plasticity and is capable of both rapid physiological expansion and reduction in response to dietary changes. Under normal conditions, an increase in adipose tissue volume occurs through hyperplasia, while tissue expansion in obesity results from hypertrophy of existing adipocytes. Adipose tissue cells not only store energy in the form of triglycerides but also secrete crucial adipokines, regulating the overall body metabolism. In metabolic syndrome and obesity, alterations affect not only adipose tissue morphology but also adipocyte renewal and differentiation as well as the hormonal and secretory functions. The fundamental mechanisms regulating cell renewal and differentiation in adipose tissue warrant detailed investigation to comprehend the metabolic processes in the entire organism, both under normal and pathological conditions. This review provides insights into the principal regulators governing the transcriptional program that controls adipogenesis, as well as the key signaling cascades that influence adipocyte differentiation.

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控制脂肪分化的分子和细胞机制
摘要 脂肪组织是一种特殊类型的结缔组织,由基质血管细胞、已着床的前脂肪细胞和成熟脂肪细胞组成。脂肪组织具有很强的可塑性,既能在生理上迅速膨胀,也能随着饮食的变化而缩小。在正常情况下,脂肪组织体积的增加是通过增生实现的,而肥胖症中组织的扩张则是通过现有脂肪细胞的肥大实现的。脂肪组织细胞不仅以甘油三酯的形式储存能量,还分泌重要的脂肪因子,调节整个身体的新陈代谢。代谢综合征和肥胖症不仅影响脂肪组织的形态,还影响脂肪细胞的更新和分化,以及激素和分泌功能。为了理解整个机体在正常和病理条件下的新陈代谢过程,有必要对调节脂肪组织细胞更新和分化的基本机制进行详细研究。本综述深入探讨了控制脂肪生成的转录程序的主要调节因子,以及影响脂肪细胞分化的关键信号级联。
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来源期刊
自引率
28.60%
发文量
31
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Russian Journal of Developmental Biology  is a journal that publishes reviews and experimental articles dealing with various aspects of developmental biology. It presents fundamental and applied research on development, regeneration, and carcinogenesis at the molecular, cellular, and organismic levels.
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