Family ownership, control, and firm performance: Does gender diversity matter?

IF 4 3区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Eurasian Business Review Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI:10.1007/s40821-024-00256-9
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Abstract

This study investigates the influence of family ownership and family control on firm performance while considering the moderating effect of gender diversity. Utilising a dataset of 226 nonfinancial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange spanning from 2008 to 2019, the paper employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation to test the proposed hypotheses. Additionally, the paper uses ordinary least squares regression (OLS) analysis, industry-adjusted measures of firm performance, difference-in-difference (DID) estimation, and Blau and Shannon index to confirm the results. The findings indicate that family ownership and control positively affect firm performance. This relationship is further enhanced by the presence of female directors on the board. Using the agency theory and stewardship theory frameworks, the paper delves into the dynamics of agency conflict and family owner behavior within family firms, highlighting the role of gender-diverse boards. Overall, the analysis reveals that family owners, motivated by a strong attachment to their businesses and a desire to preserve socio-emotional wealth, tend to adopt a stewardship role, thereby mitigating principal-principal conflicts within our sample firms. The study contributes to the literature on family businesses by elucidating the behavior of such firms within an emerging economy context and revealing the role of gender diversity in the presence of family ownership. The findings suggest useful implications for investors regarding the positive influence of family owners on firm performance and underscore the importance for policymakers to prioritize female career development and professional growth. This, in turn, can yield economic benefits through the integration of female directors in boardrooms, thereby reducing agency costs and enhancing overall governance structures within firms.

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家族所有权、控制权和公司业绩:性别多样性重要吗?
摘要 本研究探讨了家族所有权和家族控制权对公司业绩的影响,同时考虑了性别多样性的调节作用。本文利用巴基斯坦证券交易所上市的 226 家非金融企业的数据集(时间跨度为 2008 年至 2019 年),采用广义矩量法(GMM)进行估计,以检验提出的假设。此外,本文还采用了普通最小二乘法回归(OLS)分析、行业调整后的公司业绩衡量标准、差分估计(DID)以及布劳和香农指数来证实结果。研究结果表明,家族所有权和控制权会对企业绩效产生积极影响。董事会中女性董事的存在进一步增强了这种关系。本文利用代理理论和管家理论框架,深入探讨了家族企业中代理冲突和家族所有者行为的动态变化,强调了性别多元化董事会的作用。总体而言,分析表明,家族所有者出于对企业的强烈感情和保护社会情感财富的愿望,倾向于扮演管理者的角色,从而缓解样本企业中的委托人与负责人之间的冲突。本研究阐明了家族企业在新兴经济体背景下的行为,揭示了性别多样性在家族所有权中的作用,从而为有关家族企业的文献做出了贡献。研究结果为投资者提供了家族所有者对公司业绩产生积极影响的有益启示,并强调了政策制定者优先考虑女性职业发展和专业成长的重要性。这反过来又可以通过将女性董事纳入董事会产生经济效益,从而降低代理成本,加强公司内部的整体治理结构。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
11.40%
发文量
32
期刊介绍: The Eurasian Business Review (EABR) publishes articles in Industrial Organization, Innovation and Management Science. In particular, EABR is committed to publishing empirical articles which provide significant contributions in the fields of the economics and management of innovation, industrial and business economics, corporate governance and corporate finance, entrepreneurship and organizational change, strategic management, accounting, marketing, human resources management, and information systems. While the main focus of EABR is on Europe and Asia, papers in the fields listed above on any region or country are highly encouraged. The Eurasian Business Review is one of the two official journals of the Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) and is published quarterly.
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