Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Headache Disorders: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 3.2 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Neurology International Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI:10.3390/neurolint16020026

Leonidas Mantonakis, Ioanna Belesioti, Christina I Deligianni, Vasilis Natsis, Euthimia Mitropoulou, Elina Kasioti, Maria Lypiridou, Dimos D Mitsikostas

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Abstract

Background: Headache disorders have been associated with anxiety and depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression in a large sample of individuals with different headache disorders (HDs) in order to determine whether their frequency differs by headache type.

Methods: Consecutive individuals with headache attending a headache outpatient clinic were interviewed with the HAM-D and HAM-A, along with age, sex, and education matched non-headache individuals.

Results: Individuals numbering 2673 with headache (females 71.2%) and 464 non-headache individuals (females 70.9%) were interviewed (with participation rates of 98.3% and 91.0%, respectively). Migraine was diagnosed in 49.7%, tension-type headache in 38%, cluster headache 5.2%, and medication overuse (MO) in 21.8%. Participants with HD scored more in HAM-A (OR = 4.741, CI95%: 3.855-5.831, p < 0.001) and HAM-D scales (OR = 2.319, CI95%: 1.892-2.842, p < 0.001) than non-headache individuals. Participants with chronic HDs (≥15 days with headache for ≥3 consecutive months; 52.5%) scored higher for both HAM-A (OR = 1.944, CI95%: 1.640-2.303, p < 0.001) and HAM-D (OR = 1.625, CI95%: 1.359-1.944, p < 0.001) than those with episodic HDs (33.1%), as did participants with MO vs. participants without MO (OR = 3.418, CI95%: 2.655-4.399, p < 0.001 for HAM-A, OR = 3.043, CI95%: 2.322-3.986, p < 0.001 for HAM-D). Female and low-educated participants scored higher on both scales.

Conclusion: Because symptoms of anxiety and depression are substantial in people with HD, the treating physicians should look out for such symptoms and manage them appropriately.

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头痛症患者的抑郁和焦虑症状：一项观察性横断面研究。

背景：头痛症与焦虑症和抑郁症有关。本研究旨在对不同头痛症（HD）患者的焦虑和抑郁症状进行大样本评估，以确定焦虑和抑郁症状的出现频率是否因头痛类型而异：方法：对在头痛门诊就诊的连续头痛患者以及年龄、性别和教育程度相匹配的非头痛患者进行 HAM-D 和 HAM-A 问卷调查：共有 2673 名头痛患者（女性占 71.2%）和 464 名非头痛患者（女性占 70.9%）接受了访谈（参与率分别为 98.3% 和 91.0%）。49.7%的人被诊断为偏头痛，38%的人被诊断为紧张型头痛，5.2%的人被诊断为丛集性头痛，21.8%的人被诊断为药物过度使用（MO）。与非头痛患者相比，HD 患者的 HAM-A 评分（OR = 4.741，CI95%：3.855-5.831，p < 0.001）和 HAM-D 评分（OR = 2.319，CI95%：1.892-2.842，p < 0.001）更高。慢性头痛患者（头痛天数≥15 天，连续≥3 个月；52.5%）的 HAM-A 评分（OR = 1.944，CI95%：1.640-2.303，p <0.001）和 HAM-D 评分（OR = 1.625，CI95%：1.359-1.944，p <0.001）均高于偶发性头痛患者（33.1%），患有 MO 的患者与未患有 MO 的患者相比也是如此（OR = 3.418，CI95%：2.655-4.399，p <0.001）：就 HAM-A 而言，OR = 3.043，CI95%：2.322-3.986，P < 0.001：HAM-D的OR = 3.043，CI95%：2.322-3.986，p < 0.001）。女性和低学历参与者在两个量表上的得分都较高：由于焦虑和抑郁症状在 HD 患者中很常见，因此治疗医生应注意这些症状并加以适当处理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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