Bisphosphonate-related Osteonecrosis of The Jaw : Is the Medication Duration Related to Advanced Disease Stage?

Abstract

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a serious adverse effect of therapy with bisphosphonates (BP) and other antiresorptive agents. The aim of the study was to report thirteen bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) patient cases at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (VGHKS), Taiwan and their medical history and disease outcomes. Thirteen symptomatic patients with BRONJ were reviewed between 1985 and 2021 at VGHKS. We included symptomatic patients who were in advanced BRONJ stage two and three. Four multiple myeloma, three bone metastatic breast cancer and six advanced osteoporosis patients. Seven patients were AAOMS MRONJ stage three and six were stage two. The average anti-resorptive medication duration was 25.83 ± 31.45 months in BRONJ stage two patients and 53.71 ± 31.25 months in BRONJ stage three patients respectively. No correlation was found between the anti-resorptive agent duration and BRONJ stage (p value = 0.098; Mann-Whitney U test) among cancer (p value = 0.157; Mann-Whitney U test) and osteoporosis patients (p value = 0.184; Mann-Whitney U test). Most of them died of terminal stage cancer disease or complications of being bedridden. The correlation between the duration of anti-resorptive agents and BRONJ stage needs larger patient data to confirm the result.