A Randomized Trial of Ionic Silver Dressing to Reduce Surgical Site Infection After Gastrointestinal Surgery

Abstract

To determine whether Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber dressings containing ionic silver are superior to film dressings for preventing superficial surgical site infections (SSI) in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery. Multiple clinical trials have assessed the effectiveness of silver-containing wound dressings; however, systematic reviews failed to find any advantages of these dressings and concluded that there was insufficient evidence to indicate that they prevented wound infections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber dressings for preventing superficial SSIs in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery were randomly assigned to receive either Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber (study group) or film dressings (control group). The primary end point was superficial SSI within 30 days after surgery (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID: 000043081). A total of 865 patients (427 study group, 438 control group) were qualified for primary end-point analysis. The overall rate of superficial SSIs was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (6.8% vs 11.4%, P = 0.019). There was no significant difference in superficial SSI rates between the groups in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery; however, the rate was significantly lower in the study group in patients undergoing lower gastrointestinal surgery (P = 0.042). Multivariate analysis identified Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber dressings as an independent factor for reducing superficial SSIs (odds ratio, 0.602; 95% confidence interval, 0.367–0.986; P = 0.044). Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber dressings can reduce superficial SSIs compared to film dressings in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery, especially lower gastrointestinal surgery.